ReviewPharmaceutics2022
Ocular Barriers and Their Influence on Gene Therapy Products Delivery.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming size barriers in retinal gene therapy via lipid nanoparticle-mediated delivery of full-length eys DNA.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- IL-1-mediated vitreous inflammation as an early indicator of retinal ganglion cell loss following acute optic nerve injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- A Dual-Drug Nanocarrier Strategy for Ocular Fungal Infections: Micelles Embedded in Electrospun Nanofibers.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Emerging innovations in ophthalmic drug delivery for diabetic retinopathy: a translational perspective.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Laser photocoagulation improves the transduction efficiency of lentivirus vectors injected intravitreally.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Stem Cell-Based Interventions for Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection and Regeneration in Glaucoma: A Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions.Ophthalmic research · 2026Review
- Emerging Ocular Pathogen Resistance and Clinically Used Solutions: A Problem That Is More than Meets the Eye.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Vitreous Inflammation as an Early Indicator of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Following Acute Optic Nerve Injury in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Progress in peptide and protein therapeutics: Challenges and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Safety and biocompatibility of a novel biodegradable aflibercept-drug delivery system in rhesus macaques.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- ZO-1/Tjp1 and ZO-2/Tjp2 deletion in retinal pigment epithelium causes progressive retinal degeneration.iScience · 2025Article
- Development of Practical Low-Volume Screening Method and Pharmacokinetic Simulation of Levofloxacin-Loaded Nanofiber Inserts for Sustained Ocular Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Potential therapeutic applications of stem cells in animal models of ocular affections.Inflammation and regeneration · 2025Review
- Co-delivery of antioxidants and siRNA-VEGF: promising treatment for age-related macular degeneration.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Retinal Gene Therapy: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Directions.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Review
- Plasmid Gene Therapy for Monogenic Disorders: Challenges and Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Seeing the Future: A Review of Ocular Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Lipid nanoparticles for gene therapy in ocular diseases.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The eye is formed by tissues and cavities that contain liquids whose compositions are highly regulated to ensure their optical properties and their immune and metabolic functions. The integrity of the ocular barriers, composed of different elements that work in a coordinated fashion, is essential to maintain the ocular homeostasis. Specialized junctions between the cells of different tissues have specific features which guarantee sealing properties and selectively control the passage of drugs from the circulation or the outside into the tissues and within the different ocular compartments. Tissues structure also constitute selective obstacles and pathways for various molecules. Specific transporters control the passage of water, ions, and macromolecules, whilst efflux pumps reject and eliminate toxins, metabolites, or drugs. Ocular barriers, thus, limit the bioavailability of gene therapy products in ocular tissues and cells depending on the route chosen for their administration. On the other hand, ocular barriers allow a real local treatment, with limited systemic side-effects. Understanding the different barriers that limit the accessibility of different types of gene therapy products to the different target cells is a prerequisite for the development of efficient gene delivery systems. This review summarizes actual knowledge on the different ocular barriers that limit the penetration and distribution of gene therapy products using different routes of administration, and it provides a general overview of various methods used to bypass the ocular barriers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.