ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2022
Testosterone, cognitive decline and dementia in ageing men.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Testosterone modulation of default mode network and its effects on cognitive function and mood in humans: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Associations between cognitive function and endogenous levels of estradiol and testosterone in adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Trial
- Global and Medial Temporal MRI Morphometry in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Normal Adults: A Retrospective Association Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Low Free Testosterone Is Independently Associated With Long-Term Mortality in Men With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.Andrology · 2026Article
- Amino-Acid-Derived Androgen Receptor Modulators.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Shared Risk Genes and Casual Relationships across Sex Hormone Related Traits and Alzheimer's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Young Human-Derived Microbiota Ameliorates Cognitive Decline and Reproductive Senescence in Aged Mice.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The influence of sex steroids on cognition in elderly men.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Liver Fibrosis and the Risks of Impaired Cognition and Dementia: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Understanding the Secular Decline in Testosterone: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Clinical Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Associations between independent or concurrent decline in upper and lower limb strength and cognitive impairment.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Association of Increased SOAT2 Expression with Abnormal Cholesterol Esterification and Testosterone Deficiency in Late-Onset Hypogonadism Rats.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Cognitive function predicts all-cause mortality independent of social engagement among community-dwelling elderly Japanese men: a 15-year prospective cohort study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Estrogen: Unraveling the Complexities of Hormonal Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Implications for Precision Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Impacts of systemic milieu on cerebrovascular and brain aging: insights from heterochronic parabiosis, blood exchange, and plasma transfer experiments.GeroScience · 2025Review
- The Influence of Sex and Sex-Steroid Hormones on Cerebellar Structure and Functional Connectivity Across Adulthood.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Testosterone and 17β-estradiol regulate hippocampal area CA3 sharp waves in male and female rats.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Cholesterol-modifying strategies for Alzheimer disease: promise or fallacy?Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson's disease: considerations for study design and data analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Impact of dual residual risk of cholesterol and inflammation on adult male sex hormones: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As men grow older, circulating testosterone concentrations decline, while prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia increase. Epidemiological studies of middle-aged and older men have demonstrated associations of lower testosterone concentrations with higher prevalence and incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. In observational studies, men with prostate cancer treated by androgen deprivation therapy had a higher risk of dementia. Small intervention studies of testosterone using different measures of cognitive function have provided inconsistent results, with some suggesting improvement. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of one year's testosterone treatment conducted in 788 men aged ≥ 65 years, baseline testosterone < 9.54 nmol/L, showed an improvement in sexual function, but no improvement in cognitive function. There is a known association between diabetes and dementia risk. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of two year's testosterone treatment in 1,007 men aged 50-74 years, waist circumference ≥ 95 cm, baseline testosterone ≤ 14 nmol/L, showed an effect of testosterone in reducing type 2 diabetes risk. There were no cognitive endpoints in that trial. Additional research is warranted but at this stage lower testosterone concentrations in ageing men should be regarded as a biomarker rather than a proven therapeutic target for risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.