ArticleiScience2022
Maternal-fetal conflict averted by progesterone- induced FOXP3+ regulatory T cells.
Article in iScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of sex and gender in autoimmune thyroid diseases: mechanisms and knowledge gaps.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Placental dysfunction reflects endocrine impairment and trophoblast alterations in polycystic ovarian syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Maternal Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)+ CD4 T cells promote fertility and fetal tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Circulating Naïve Regulatory T Cell Subset Displaying Increased STAT5 Phosphorylation During Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Is Associated with Clinical Pregnancy and Progesterone Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Regulatory T cells in human pregnancy: mechanisms, dysregulation, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identifying Key Questions and Challenges in Microchimerism Biology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Clinical Implications of Progesterone in Preeclampsia.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Natural microbial exposure populates the maternal fetal interface with diverse T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Regulatory T cells are paramount effectors in progesterone regulation of embryo implantation and fetal growth.JCI insight · 2023Article
- A Framework for Understanding Maternal Immunity.Immunology and allergy clinics of North America · 2023Review
- Review
- Regulatory T Cell Proportion and Phenotype Are Altered in Women Using Oral Contraception.Endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pregnancy stimulates an intricately coordinated assortment of physiological changes to accommodate growth of the developing fetus, while simultaneously averting rejection of genetically foreign fetal cells and tissues. Despite increasing evidence that expansion of immune-suppressive maternal regulatory T cells enforces fetal tolerance and protects against pregnancy complications, the pregnancy-associated signals driving this essential adaptation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the female reproductive hormone, progesterone, coordinates immune tolerance by stimulating expansion of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Conditional loss of the canonical nuclear progesterone receptor in maternal FOXP3+ regulatory T cells blunts their proliferation and accumulation, which is associated with fetal wastage and decidual infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. Reciprocally, the synthetic progestin 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) administered to pregnant mice reinforces fetal tolerance and protects against fetal wastage. These immune modulatory effects of progesterone that promote fetal tolerance establish a molecular link between immunological and other physiological adaptions during pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.