ArticlePLoS biology2022
Adverse effects following anti-COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-based BNT162b2 are alleviated by altering the route of administration and correlate with baseline enrichment of T and NK cell genes.
Article in PLoS biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07527247 (Using AS01 Adjuvant to Improve Immune Response in Older Adults Through Trained Immunity), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Using AS01 Adjuvant to Improve Immune Response in Older Adults Through Trained Immunity
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inflammatory mediators of mRNA vaccine-induced adverse reactions in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Advanced technologies for the development of infectious disease vaccines.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- Navigating the intricate in-vivo journey of lipid nanoparticles tailored for the targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics: a quality-by-design approach.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Durable cross-protective neutralizing antibody responses elicited by lipid nanoparticle-formulated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign.Cureus · 2024Review
- The immunobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses: potential influences of cross-reactive memory responses and aging on efficacy and off-target effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- mRNA nanodelivery systems: targeting strategies and administration routes.Biomaterials research · 2023Review
- RNase2 is a possible trigger of acute-on-chronic inflammation leading to mRNA vaccine-associated cardiac complication.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Single-epitope T cell-based vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a preclinical animal model.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the health status of young female adults from India: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Natural killer cells and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine reactogenicity and durability.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- Baseline gene signatures of reactogenicity to Ebola vaccination: a machine learning approach across multiple cohorts.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Will Omics Biotechnologies Save Us from Future Pandemics? Lessons from COVID-19 for Vaccinomics and Adversomics.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Innate immune mechanisms of mRNA vaccines.Immunity · 2022Review
- Chronic sequelae complicate convalescence from both dengue and acute viral respiratory illness.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ensuring high vaccination and even booster vaccination coverage is critical in preventing severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among the various COVID-19 vaccines currently in use, the mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable effectiveness. However, systemic adverse events (AEs), such as postvaccination fatigue, are prevalent following mRNA vaccination, and the underpinnings of which are not understood. Herein, we found that higher baseline expression of genes related to T and NK cell exhaustion and suppression were positively correlated with the development of moderately severe fatigue after Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccination; increased expression of genes associated with T and NK cell exhaustion and suppression reacted to vaccination were associated with greater levels of innate immune activation at 1 day postvaccination. We further found, in a mouse model, that altering the route of vaccination from intramuscular (i.m.) to subcutaneous (s.c.) could lessen the pro-inflammatory response and correspondingly the extent of systemic AEs; the humoral immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination was not compromised. Instead, it is possible that the s.c. route could improve cytotoxic CD8 T-cell responses to BNT162b2 vaccination. Our findings thus provide a glimpse of the molecular basis of postvaccination fatigue from mRNA vaccination and suggest a readily translatable solution to minimize systemic AEs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.