ReviewCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2022
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A narrative review focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Review in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Turkish Precision Anaesthesia Study Project
Impact of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine on Long-term Survival in Older Patients After Cancer Surgery: a Multicenter Randomized Trial
Effects of Intraoperative Targeted Temperature Management on Incidence of Postoperative Delirium and Long-term Survival in Older Patients Having Major Cancer Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Trial
Anesthesia Maintenance With Target-controlled Infusion of Propofol and Remifentanil at Fixed Ratio on Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Patients After Surgery: a Randomized Trial
Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery: a 2×2 Factorial Trial
Long-term Follow-up of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery
Intraoperative Targeted Temperature Management on Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Patients After Major Cancer Surgery: a Multicenter Randomized Trial
Impact of Perioperative Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Patients After Surgery: a Randomized, Double-blind, Pseudo-modulation-controlled Preliminary Clinical Trial
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent postoperative neurocognitive complications: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.Anaesthesia · 2026Pooled it
- Prediction models for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in adults: a systematic review of methodological quality and clinical applicability.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Electroacupuncture for the prevention of perioperative neurocognitive disorder in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection and Shenfu injection on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- The association between diabetes mellitus and postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The research progress of perioperative non-pharmacological interventions on postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of electroacupuncture on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms: a literature review of rodent studies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive prehabilitation for older adults undergoing elective surgery: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Preoperative cognitive training improves postoperative cognitive function: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of perioperative cognitive function training on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of pericapsular nerve group block on postoperative cognitive function in older patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.Die Anaesthesiologie · 2026Trial
- Effects of Remimazolam on Perioperative Inflammatory Response and Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Overtime work of anesthesiologists is associated with increased delirium in older patients admitted to intensive care unit after noncardiac surgery: a secondary analysis.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Safety of intranasal insulin administration in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery: An open-label, nonrandomized, dose-escalation study.JTCVS open · 2024Trial
- The Effect of Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine on Perioperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Promoting brain health in older surgical patients: A pre-post evaluation of an educational module.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Excitation-inhibition imbalance underlies perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a single-nucleus transcriptomic perspective in mice hippocampus.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Postoperative Impairment of GluA2 Ttrafficking in CA3 Induces Memory Consolidation Deficits in Aged Mice by Disrupting SPW-R in CA1.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) refer to neurocognitive abnormalities detected during the perioperative periods, including preexisting cognitive impairment, preoperative delirium, delirium occurring up to 7 days after surgery, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and postoperative NCD. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (DSM-5) is the golden standard for diagnosing perioperative NCDs. Given the impracticality of using the DSM-5 by non-psychiatric practitioners, many diagnostic tools have been developed and validated for different clinical scenarios. The etiology of perioperative NCDs is multifactorial and includes predisposing and precipitating factors. Identifying these risk factors is conducive to preoperative risk stratification and perioperative risk reduction. Prevention for perioperative NCDs should include avoiding possible contributors and implementing nonpharmacologic and pharmacological interventions. The former generally includes avoiding benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, prolonged liquid fasting, deep anesthesia, cerebral oxygen desaturation, and intraoperative hypothermia. Nonpharmacologic measures include preoperative cognitive prehabilitation, comprehensive geriatric assessment, implementing fast-track surgery, combined use of regional block, and sleep promotion. Pharmacological measures including dexmedetomidine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and acetaminophen are found to have beneficial effects. Nonpharmacological treatments are the first-line measures for established perioperative NCDs. Pharmacological treatments are still limited to severely agitated or distressed patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.