SynthesisScientific reports2022
Relationship between smoking and postoperative complications of cervical spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- ERAS following spine surgery in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking and Complications After Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after head and neck cancer surgery: an updated meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Vertebral body sliding osteotomy as a less invasive alternative to 540° surgery for cervical myelopathy with rigid kyphosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Association between smoking and surgical site infection after spinal fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Nationwide Comparison of 2 year Revision Surgery Risk After Hybrid Cervical Surgery with 2-Level ACDF and 2-Level CDR Surgical Technique.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Dysphagia Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A PearlDiver Analysis of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Interventions.Dysphagia · 2026Article
- Demand analysis of perioperative nursing service needs for patients with cervical spondylosis based on the Kano model: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- The Preoperative Level of Pain Predicts Chronic Pain in Patients Operated on for Degenerative Disc Disease-A Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Preoperative anemia is associated with increased length of stay in adult spinal deformity surgery: evaluation of a large single-center patient cohort and future suggestions for patient optimization.Spine deformity · 2025Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Zero-Profile Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Cages Filled with Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): A Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Predictive Factors of Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Letter to the Editor: Treatment of the two-level degenerative cervical disk diseases based on algorithmic anterior approach: a multicenter prospective study.Neurosurgical review · 2023Article
- Clinical outcomes after surgery for cervical radiculopathy performed in public and private hospitals : a nationwide relative effectiveness study.The bone & joint journal · 2023Article
- Influence of preoperative depression on clinical outcomes after cervical laminoplasty: A retrospective study.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Anesthetic considerations in smokers: A scoping review.Saudi journal of anaesthesiaReview
- Outcome of spine surgery in the context of spinal metastatic disease: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.Journal of craniovertebral junction & spineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To determine whether smoking has adverse effects on postoperative complications following spine cervical surgery (PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021269648). We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science through 13 July 2021 for cohort and case-control studies that investigated the effect of smoking on postoperative complications after cervical spine surgery. Two researchers independently screened the studies and extracted data according to the selection criteria. The meta-analysis included 43 studies, including 27 case-control studies and 16 cohort studies, with 10,020 patients. Pooled estimates showed that smoking was associated with overall postoperative complications (effect estimate [ES] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-2.44, p < 0.0001), respiratory complications (ES = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.62-4.49, p < 0.0001), reoperation (ES = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.50-2.81, p < 0.0001), dysphagia (ES = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.06-2.10, p = 0.022), wound infection (ES = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.62-6.36, p = 0.001), and axial neck pain (ES = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.25-3.12, p = 0.003). There were no significant differences between the smoking and nonsmoking groups in terms of fusion (ES = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00, p = 0.0097), operation time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.08, 95% CI: -5.54 to 5.71, p = 0.977), estimated blood loss (WMD = -5.31, 95% CI: -148.83 to 139.22, p = 0.943), length of hospital stay (WMD = 1.01, 95% CI: -2.17 to 4.20, p = 0.534), Visual Analog Scale-neck pain score (WMD = -0.19, 95% CI: -1.19 to 0.81, p = 0.707), Visual Analog Scale-arm pain score (WMD = -0.50, 95% CI: -1.53 to 0.53, p = 0.343), Neck Disability Index score (WMD = 11.46, 95% CI: -3.83 to 26.76, p = 0.142), or Japanese Orthopedic Association Scores (WMD = -1.75, 95% CI: -5.27 to 1.78, p = 0.332). Compared with nonsmokers, smokers seem to be more significantly associated with overall complications, respiratory complications, reoperation, longer hospital stay, dysphagia, wound infection and axial neck pain after cervical spine surgery. It is essential to provide timely smoking cessation advice and explanation to patients before elective cervical spine surgery.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.