ReviewFrontiers in neurology2022
Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of COVID-19 Neuropathology.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- COVID-19 as a Contributing Factor in the Development of Volkmann Ischemic Contracture: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai: a longitudinal study from 2010 to 2024.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Mechanisms Underlying Neurological Manifestations in Long COVID: Implications for Immune-Mediated Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- COVID-19-Related Diplopia and Its Treatment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Posthospitalization COVID-19 cognitive deficits at 1 year are global and associated with elevated brain injury markers and gray matter volume reduction.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- The Physical Condition and Mental Health of Chinese College Students 3 Months After COVID-19 Recovery.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to para-infectious immune activation in the brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Acute Encephalopathies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Clinical and Neuroimaging Perspective.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Postmortem neuropathology in COVID-19: An update.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- COVID-19 as a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Exploring the research landscape of COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction: A bibliometric study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2 causes a respiratory viral infection, there is a large incidence of neurological complications occurring in COVID-19 patients. These range from headaches and loss of smell to encephalitis and strokes. Little is known about the likely diverse mechanisms causing these pathologies and there is a dire need to understand how to prevent and treat them. This review explores recent research from the perspective of investigating how the immune system could play a role in neurological complications, including cytokines, blood biomarkers, immune cells, and autoantibodies. We also discuss lessons learnt from animal models. Overall, we highlight two key points that have emerged from increasing evidence: (1) SARS-CoV-2 does not invade the brain in the majority of cases and so the associated neurological complications might arise from indirect effects, such as immune activation (2) although the immune system plays a critical role in controlling the virus, its dysregulation can cause pathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.