ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Prolactin and Maternal Metabolism in Women With a Recent GDM Pregnancy and Links to Future T2D: The SWIFT Study.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01967030 (SWIFT), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
SWIFT: Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes After GDM Pregnancy
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between low prolactin and type 2 diabetes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Prolactin in relation to gestational diabetes and metabolic risk in pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Prolactin in high-metabolic risk pregnancies: Associations with maternal obesity and metabolic health.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- Identification of exosomal miRNA-based predictive signatures for gestational diabetes mellitus via multi-algorithm machine learning.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Is Breastfeeding an Effective Approach to Reduce Metabolic Risk After GDM in Mothers and Infants?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Glycine receptor activation promotes pancreatic islet cell proliferation via the PI3K/mTORC1/p70S6K pathway.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Breast milk NaScientific reports · 2025Article
- Mildly elevated serum prolactin level may be a protective factor for preventing thickening of the carotid intima-media in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- The molecular basis of hypoprolactinaemia.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Hypoprolactinemia. Does it matter? Redefining the hypopituitarism and return from a mumpsimus : "Absence of proof is not the proof of absence".Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Could low prolactin levels after radiotherapy predict the onset of hypopituitarism?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Improvements in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Metabolism Related to Breastfeeding Are Not Mediated by Subclinical Inflammation.Metabolites · 2024Article
- The diagnosis and prevalence of hypoprolactinemia in patients with panhypopituitarism and the effects on depression and sexual functions.Pituitary · 2024Article
- Chewing the fat: How lipidomics is changing our understanding of human health and disease in 2022.Analytical science advances · 2023Review
- Prolactin does not seem to mediate the improvement on insulin resistance markers and blood glucose levels related to breastfeeding.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Prolactin and Maternal Metabolism in Women With a Recent GDM Pregnancy and Links to Future T2D: The SWIFT Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- The beneficial metabolic actions of prolactin.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- The interplay between prolactin and cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextProlactin is a multifaceted hormone known to regulate lactation. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history, intensive lactation has been associated with lower relative risk of future type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the role of prolactin in T2D development and maternal metabolism in women with a recent GDM pregnancy has not been ascertained.
objectiveWe examined the relationships among prolactin, future T2D risk, and key clinical and metabolic parameters.
methodsWe utilized a prospective GDM research cohort (the SWIFT study) and followed T2D onset by performing 2-hour 75-g research oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at study baseline (6-9 weeks postpartum) and again annually for 2 years, and also by retrieving clinical diagnoses of T2D from 2 years through 10 years of follow up from electronic medical records. Targeted metabolomics and lipidomics were applied on fasting plasma samples collected at study baseline from 2-hour 75-g research OGTTs in a nested case-control study (100 future incident T2D cases vs 100 no T2D controls).
resultsDecreasing prolactin quartiles were associated with increased future T2D risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.48; 95% CI, 0.81-7.58; P = 0.05). In women who maintained normoglycemia during the 10-year follow-up period, higher prolactin at baseline was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (P = 0.038) and HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01), but lower BMI (P = 0.001) and leptin (P = 0.002). Remarkably, among women who developed future T2D, prolactin was not correlated with a favorable metabolic status (all P > 0.05). Metabolomics and lipidomics showed that lower circulating prolactin strongly correlated with a T2D-high risk lipid profile, with elevated circulating neutral lipids and lower concentrations of specific phospholipids/sphingolipids.
conclusionIn women with recent GDM pregnancy, low circulating prolactin is associated with specific clinical and metabolic parameters and lipid metabolites linked to a high risk of developing T2D.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.