ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Transgender Girls Grow Tall: Adult Height Is Unaffected by GnRH Analogue and Estradiol Treatment.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine Management of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Expert Opinion of the ESPE Working Group on Gender Incongruence and the Endo-ERN Main Thematic Group on Sexual Development and Maturation.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in transgender and gender diverse youth: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Therapeutic Issues Associated with Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review Relevant to Community Pharmacy Practice.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy from adolescence to adulthood on bone mineral density, body composition and muscle strength.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Rapid review of gender-affirming healthcare for children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis (2021-2025) and recommendations for South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Rapid Review of Gender-Affirming Healthcare for Children and Adolescents: Evidence Synthesis (2021-2025) and Recommendations for South Africa.Research square · 2025Article
- Metabolic and Anthropometric Changes and Adverse Effects in Finnish Adolescents Using Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Disc Golf Performance: Implications for Eligibility Criteria for Women's Competitions.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes Associated with Gender-Affirming Medical Care for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth: A Critical Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Shaping the Skeleton: Impact of GnRH Analogue and Sex Hormone Therapy on Skeletal Dimensions in Transgender Individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Identification and functional analysis of NPR2 truncating mutations in two Chinese families with short stature.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Growth and Adult Height Attainment in Danish Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analog and Sex Hormones.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Observational
- Clinical pharmacology in adolescent transgender medicine.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Time Course of Body Composition Changes in Transgender Adolescents During Puberty Suppression and Sex Hormone Treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Evaluation and medical care of intersex and gender diverse youth.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- Pubertal Suppression in Early Puberty Followed by Testosterone Mildly Increases Final Height in Transmasculine Youth.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Puberty suppression in adolescents with gender dysphoria: an emerging issue with multiple implications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Puberty Assessment and Consideration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth.Pediatric annals · 2023Article
- Just as Tall on Testosterone; a Neutral to Positive Effect on Adult Height of GnRHa and Testosterone in Trans Boys.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Sex non-specific growth charts and potential clinical implications in the care of transgender youth.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextTransgender adolescents can receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH) and gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), but little is known about effects on growth and adult height. This is of interest since height differs between sexes and some transgender girls wish to limit their growth.
objectiveThis work aims to investigate the effects of GnRHa and GAHT on growth, and the efficacy of growth-reductive treatment.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study took place at a specialized tertiary gender clinic. A total of 161 transgender girls were treated with GnRHa and estradiol at a regular dose (2 mg) or high growth-reductive doses of estradiol (6 mg) or ethinyl estradiol (EE, 100-200 µg). Main outcome measures included growth, adult height, and the difference from predicted adult height (PAH) and target height.
resultsGrowth velocity and bone maturation decreased during GnRHa, but increased during GAHT. Adult height after regular-dose treatment was 180.4 ± 5.6 cm, which was 1.5 cm below PAH at the start GnRHa (95% CI, 0.2 cm to 2.7 cm), and close to target height (-1.1 cm; 95% CI, -2.5 cm to 0.3 cm). Compared to regular-dose treatment, high-dose estradiol and EE reduced adult height by 0.9 cm (95% CI, -0.9 cm to 2.8 cm) and 3.0 cm (95% CI, 0.2 cm to 5.8 cm), respectively.
conclusionGrowth decelerated during GnRHa and accelerated during GAHT. After regular-dose treatment, adult height was slightly lower than predicted at start of GnRHa, likely due to systematic overestimation of PAH as described in boys from the general population, but not significantly different from target height. High-dose EE resulted in greater reduction of adult height than high-dose estradiol, but this needs to be weighed against possible adverse effects.
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