Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35669557›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in sports and active living2022

Creatine O'Clock: Does Timing of Ingestion Really Influence Muscle Mass and Performance?

Darren G Candow, Scott C Forbes, Michael D Roberts, Brian D Roy, Jose Antonio, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Eric S Rawson, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. From Science to Dressing Room: Dietary Supplements for Elite Soccer Performance.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Creatine supplementation and endurance performance: surges and sprints to win the race.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

Darren G CandowFaculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
Scott C ForbesDepartment of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada.
Michael D RobertsSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
Brian D RoyDepartment of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
Jose AntonioDepartment of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Abbie E Smith-RyanApplied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Eric S RawsonDepartment of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, United States.
Bruno GualanoApplied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Hamilton RoschelApplied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo · BRAuburn University · USBrandon University · CABrock University · CAMessiah College · USNova Southeastern University · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USUniversity of Regina · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is well-established that creatine supplementation augments the gains in muscle mass and performance during periods of resistance training. However, whether the timing of creatine ingestion influences these physical and physiological adaptations is unclear. Muscle contractions increase blood flow and possibly creatine transport kinetics which has led some to speculate that creatine in close proximity to resistance training sessions may lead to superior improvements in muscle mass and performance. Furthermore, creatine co-ingested with carbohydrates or a mixture of carbohydrates and protein that alter insulin enhance creatine uptake. The purpose of this narrative review is to (i) discuss the purported mechanisms and variables that possibly justify creatine timing strategies, (ii) to critically evaluate research examining the strategic ingestion of creatine during a resistance training program, and (iii) provide future research directions pertaining to creatine timing.

Indexed as

blood flowcreatine kineticsmuscleresistance trainingstrength

Identifiers

PMID35669557
PMCPMC9163789
OpenAlexW4280574255

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.