SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Free Versus Fixed-Ratio Combination of Basal Insulin and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improved Glycaemic Control with IDegLira in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Real-World Settings: A Retrospective, Database Cohort Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- An overview of randomized clinical trials of fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin plus GLP-1RA (injectable therapy): Lessons for advancing therapy in people with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Impact of structure and formulation changes on the function of insulin products.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Safety and Effectiveness of Concomitant iGlarLixi and SGLT-2i Use in People with T2D During Ramadan Fasting: A SoliRam Study Sub-analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- 100 Years since the Discovery of Insulin, from Its Discovery to the Insulins of the Future.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the free up-titration of basal insulin and fixed-ratio combination (FRC) of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients inadequately controlled with GLP-1RA. Methods: With the use of a systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases through July 2021, randomized controlled trials that compared the free up-titration or FRC with remaining on GLP-1RA in T2DM patients uncontrolled with GLP-1RA were included. A comparison of adding basal insulin to maintaining GLP-1RA and an indirect comparison between the two strategies were conducted on the change in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), target achievement [HbA1c < 7.0%], and the risk of confirmed hypoglycemia. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Two free up-titration and two FRC trials involving 1,612 participants, all lasting 26 weeks, were included. Both approaches significantly lowered HbA1c levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] -0.75%, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.53) but increased hypoglycemic risk [risk ratio (RR) 7.59, 95% CI 3.35-17.17] compared to the unchanged GLP-1RA. No significant differences were discovered between the two methods regarding the decrease in HbA1c (WMD 0.08%, 95% CI -1.07% to 1.23%), FPG (WMD -2.29 mg/dl, 95% CI -45.07 to 40.49 mg/dl), target achievement (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.50-2.14), and hypoglycemic risk (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.03-3.59). Conclusion: In patients who failed to reach target HbA1c levels despite the GLP-1RA treatment, both strategies of adding basal insulin, free up-titration and FRC, are comparable options are comparable options.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.