Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35685379›Full record

ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2022

Ocular Gene Therapy: A Literature Review with Special Focus on Immune and Inflammatory Responses.

Hashem H Ghoraba, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Irmak Karaca, Negin Yavari, Sherin Lajevardi, Jaclyn Hwang, Jonathan Regenold, Wataru Matsumiya, Brandon Pham, Moosa Zaidi and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Long-Term Tolerability and Safety of AAV5-Id3 Gene Therapy to Eyes.Translational vision science & technology · 2026
    Article
  12. US Patients' Preferences for Geographic Atrophy Treatment.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
    Article
  13. US Retina Specialists' Preferences for Geographic Atrophy Treatment.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026
    Article
  14. Chorioretinal Atrophy after Voretigene Neparvovec Therapy in <italic>RPE65</italic> Mutation-Associated Inherited Retinal Disease: Longitudinal Characterization in Multimodal Imaging.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hashem H GhorabaSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Amir AkhavanrezayatSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Irmak KaracaSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7927-0887
Negin YavariSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Sherin LajevardiSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Jaclyn HwangSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7756-3918
Jonathan RegenoldSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Wataru MatsumiyaSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Brandon PhamSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Moosa ZaidiSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Azadeh MobasserianSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Anthony Toan DongChauSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Christopher OrSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Cigdem YasarSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0386-3613
Kapil MishraSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Diana DoSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Quan Dong NguyenSpencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute · US

Funding

Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene therapy has emerged as a research topic of choice in recent years. The eye in particular is one of few organs of the body for which gene therapy has received Food and Drug Administration approval, and it remains a field of great interest for gene therapy development. However, its associated immune and inflammatory reactions may render the treatment ineffective or harmful, which are of particular concern for the eyes due to their susceptibility to inflammation. The severity of immune and inflammatory reactions depends on the choice of vector and its route of administration. Furthermore, most preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the dose of vectors is correlated with the degree of humoral response and ocular inflammation. The route of administration directly impacts the degree of immune and inflammatory reaction. Subretinal delivery produces a weaker humoral response than the intravitreal route. However, some studies have demonstrated that the subretinal delivery induces a stronger inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, several instances of vision loss due to severe late onset intraocular inflammation were reported in a clinical trial involving intravitreal delivery of viral vectors. When compared with the intravitreal route, suprachoroidal gene delivery has been shown to produce weaker humoral response. However, unlike the subretinal space, the suprachoroidal space is not known to have immune privilege status. Inflammatory reactions following ocular gene therapy are typically mild and most clinical and preclinical studies have shown that they can be controlled with topical, local or systemic steroids. However, severe inflammatory responses may occur and require aggressive management to avoid permanent vision loss. Further investigations are required to elucidate and expand our knowledge of inflammatory reactions, and their optimal management, following ocular gene therapy.

Indexed as

gene therapyocular gene therapyocular inflammationreviewviral vectors

Identifiers

PMID35685379
PMCPMC9173725
OpenAlexW4281606199

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.