ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry2022
Coming full circle: On the origin and evolution of the looping model for enhancer-promoter communication.
Review in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Article
- Current Challenges of Transcription Compartmentalization Research.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Genome-wide absolute quantification of chromatin looping.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Live-cell imaging of enhancer-promoter dynamics reveals transient contact-driven gene activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- OptoLoop - an optogenetic tool to probe the functional role of genome organization.Journal of cell science · 2026Article
- Article
- Connecting multiway enhancer-promoter interactions to changes in gene expression in cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Regulation of murine follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit transcription by newly identified enhancers.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Acute NIPBL depletion reveals in vivo dynamics of loop extrusion and its role in transcription activation.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- CTCF's loop-independent functions prevail over chromatin looping in the acute degradation system.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- CRISPR tiling deletion screens reveal functional enhancers and allelic compensation effects (ACE) on SIN3A transcription.Nature communications · 2026Article
- FISH-Dist: An Automated Pipeline for 3D Genomic Spatial Distance Quantification in FISH Imaging.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Repeat expansions inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Deregulated enhancer-promoter communication in cancer through altered nuclear architecture.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Epigenome and interactome profiling uncovers principles of distal regulation in the barley genome.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- CTCF couples long-range loop extrusion and diffusion to mediate a diverse Igκ repertoire.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Regulation of murine follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit transcription by newly identified enhancers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In mammalian organisms, enhancers can regulate transcription from great genomic distances. How enhancers affect distal gene expression has been a major question in the field of gene regulation. One model to explain how enhancers communicate with their target promoters, the chromatin looping model, posits that enhancers and promoters come in close spatial proximity to mediate communication. Chromatin looping has been broadly accepted as a means for enhancer-promoter communication, driven by accumulating in vitro and in vivo evidence. The genome is now known to be folded into a complex 3D arrangement, created and maintained in part by the interplay of the Cohesin complex and the DNA-binding protein CTCF. In the last few years, however, doubt over the relationship between looping and transcriptional activation has emerged, driven by studies finding that only a modest number of genes are perturbed with acute degradation of looping machinery components. In parallel, newer models describing distal enhancer action have also come to prominence. In this article, we explore the emergence and development of the looping model as a means for enhancer-promoter communication and review the contrasting evidence between historical gene-specific and current global data for the role of chromatin looping in transcriptional regulation. We also discuss evidence for alternative models to chromatin looping and their support in the literature. We suggest that, while there is abundant evidence for chromatin looping as a major mechanism for enhancer function, enhancer-promoter communication is likely mediated by more than one mechanism in an enhancer- and context-dependent manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.