Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35693603›Full record

ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2022

Cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin as a treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an analysis from the Chinese healthcare perspective.

Xiaohui Lin, Minhua Lin, Maobai Liu, Weiying Huang, Xuekun Nie, Zichun Chen, Bin Zheng

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaohui LinDepartment of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China.
Minhua LinDepartment of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China.
Maobai LiuDepartment of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Weiying HuangDepartment of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China.
Xuekun NieDepartment of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China.
Zichun ChenDepartment of Pharmacy, Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China.
Bin ZhengDepartment of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Ningde Normal University · CNFujian Medical University · CNUnion Hospital · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The effect of empagliflozin on the cardiovascular outcome is consistent in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. More evidence is needed regarding the cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin in HFrEF patients. This study sought to evaluate the economic outcomes of adding empagliflozin to the standard treatment for HFrEF patients from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, and thus to provide information for decision makers. Methods: Based on the EMPEROR-Reduced clinical trial and other published literature data, the direct medical costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of patients with HFrEF over a 15-year study period were simulated by a Markov model, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. The price of empagliflozin referred to the data released by Menet, the hospitalization expenses and utility values were derived from published studies in China. A one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the model. Results: The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the cost of the combination arm was $5,220.98, with a utility of 4.86 QALYs, and the cost of the standard arm was $4,873.96, with a utility of 4.68 QALYs, which equated to an ICER of $1,893.59 per QALY gained. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with HFrEF and diabetes in empagliflozin group had a higher QALY (4.62 Conclusions: At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $31,510.57, adding empagliflozin to standard treatment is a very cost-effective option for HFrEF patients with or without diabetes in China.

Indexed as

cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)Empagliflozinheart failure (HF)quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)

Identifiers

PMID35693603
PMCPMC9186229
OpenAlexW4282945529

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.