ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2022
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Attributable Cardiovascular Disease Risk Is Sex Specific.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Complex Relationship Between HDL/LDL Cholesterol, Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Lipids and Lipoproteins and Their Relationship With Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Study of UK Biobank Participants.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association of apolipoprotein B, excess apolipoprotein B and apoB/apoA1 ratio with 20-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: the ATTICA study (2002-2022).Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Predicting carotid plaques in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using machine learning and SHAP interpretation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The human glucocorticoid receptor variant rs6190 increases blood cholesterol and promotes atherosclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female-specific factors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Associations between carotid artery intima-media thickness, traditional risk factors and proteins.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2025Article
- Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Beyond LDL cholesterol: remnant cholesterol is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Sex-based differences in risk factors for incident myocardial infarction and stroke in the UK Biobank.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2024Article
- Childhood Non-HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol and Adult Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events.Circulation · 2024Article
- Dose-Response Associations of Lipid Traits With Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Improvement of microvascular complications in STZ-diabetic rats treated withBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- Article
- The association between circulating lipoprotein subfractions and lipid content in coronary atheromatous plaques assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2023Article
- Genetic Association between the Levels of Plasma Lipids and the Risk of Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Women with familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype are undertreated and poorly controlled compared to men.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Investigating sex-specific associations of lipid traits with type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits and sex hormones using Mendelian randomization.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies show that women are generally at lower risk for cardiovascular disease than men. Here, we investigated the sex-specific differential effect of genetically increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other lipid-associated diseases. Methods and Results This is a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study that uses individual participant data from 425 043 participants from the UK Biobank, including 229 279 female participants. An 80-variant LDL-C weighted genetic score was generated. Linear and logistic regression models with interactions were used to identify differences between sex-specific LDL-C effects on lipids, carotid-intima media thickness, and multiple cardiovascular outcomes such as CVD, ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, aortic valve disease, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and aortic aneurysm and dissection. After correction for multiple testing, we observed that the genetically increased LDL-C effect on CVD events was sex specific: per SD genetically increased LDL-C, female participants had a higher LDL-C increase but an attenuated CVD risk increase compared with male participants (LDL-C: female participants 0.71 mmol/L, 95% CI, 0.70-0.72 and male participants 0.57 mmol/L, 95% CI, 0.56-0.59.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.