Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35712448›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)2022

Home-Based EEG Neurofeedback Intervention for the Management of Chronic Pain.

Nick Birch, Jon Graham, Christine Ozolins, Kaushalya Kumarasinghe, Faisal Almesfer

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04418362 (Axon - Brain Train for Pain - A Home-based Neurofeedback Intervention to Treat the Primary and Secondary Symptoms of Chronic Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04418362 nacompletednot on this map

Axon - Brain Train for Pain - A Home-based Neurofeedback Intervention to Treat the Primary and Secondary Symptoms of Chronic Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorExsurgo Rehab LimitedRan2020 to 2021Enrolled20ConditionsChronic Pain, Depression, Anxiety, Sleep, Quality of LifeArmsNeurofeedback training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
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  7. A home-based EEG neurofeedback treatment for chronic neuropathic pain-a pilot study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nick BirchEast Midlands Spine Ltd., Northampton, United Kingdom.
Jon GrahamPhysioFunction Ltd., Northampton, United Kingdom.
Christine OzolinsExsurgo Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.
Kaushalya KumarasingheExsurgo Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.
Faisal AlmesferExsurgo Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Chronic pain and associated symptoms often cause significant disability and reduced quality of life (QoL). Neurofeedback (NFB) as part of a Brain Computer Interface can help some patients manage chronic pain by normalising maladaptive brain activity measured with electroencephalography (EEG). Objectives: This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a novel home-based NFB device for managing chronic pain by modifying specific EEG activity. Methods: A prospective, single-arm, proof-of-concept study was conducted between June 2020 and March 2021 among adults with chronic pain (registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04418362). Axon EEG NFB systems for home use were provided to each, and 32-48 NFB training sessions were completed by the participants over 8-weeks. The primary outcome was self-reported pain. Assessment of central sensitisation, sleep quality, affective symptoms, change in QoL, adverse events during use and EEG correlations with symptoms were secondary outcomes. Results: Sixteen participants were enrolled. Eleven reported pain relief following NFB training, eight reporting clinically significant improvements. Central sensitisation symptoms improved by a third ( Conclusions: Home-based NFB training is well-tolerated and may provide relief for sufferers of chronic pain and its associated symptoms. Summary:

Indexed as

brain computer interfacechronic painEEGneurofeedback trainingpatient-reported outcomesproof-of-concept trial

Identifiers

PMID35712448
PMCPMC9197102
OpenAlexW4281730242

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.