SynthesisArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2023
Influence of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and breast cancer: a systematic review.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Practical Approach to Hormone Replacement Therapy for (Peri) Menopausal Women With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Case Series.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- LNG-IUD and breast cancer: Number 2 - 2026.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026Article
- Safety of hormonal IUD in breast cancer patients.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Rapamycin inhibits tamoxifen-induced endometrial proliferation in vitro as a pilot approach for endometrial protection in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reproductive aging in biological females: mechanisms and immediate consequences.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Optimized DOX Drug Deliveries via Chitosan-Mediated Nanoparticles and Stimuli Responses in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Is there an association between levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and breast cancer risk?Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: 21st Century Advances, Gaps to Address through Interdisciplinary Science.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe intention of this systematic review was to analyze the literature on breast cancer (BC) and the use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).
methodsThe literature was searched in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.com and included search terms related to breast cancer and LNG-IUS. After elimination of duplicates, 326 studies could be identified and were assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the end, 10 studies met the defined criteria and were included in the systematic review.
results6 out of the 10 selected studies were cohort studies, three were case-control studies and one a systematic review/meta-analysis. 6 found a positive association between BC and the use of LNG-IUS. One study only found an increased risk for invasive BC in the subgroup of women aged 40-45 years. In contrast, three studies showed no indication of a higher BC risk.
conclusionThe results imply an increased BC risk in LNG-IUS users, especially in postmenopausal women and with longer duration of use. Positive effects of the LNG-IUS such as reduced risks for other hormonal cancers have been observed, were, however, not focus of this systematic review. The heterogeneity of the analyzed studies and vast number of confounding factors call for further investigations in this issue. Patients should be advised according to their individual risk profile and hormone-free alternatives may be considered for women with a history of BC.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.