ReviewNPJ precision oncology2022
Small extracellular vesicle PD-L1 in cancer: the knowns and unknowns.
Review in NPJ precision oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles are key mediators for direct antigen transport to draining lymph nodes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: distinguishing predictive from prognostic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An updated review on the role of extracellular vesicles in immune system modulation in breast cancer with special emphasis on immune checkpoint regulators.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles decoying across host immunity.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles: Bridging communication and next-generation theranostics.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Review
- EZH2 Inhibition in Mesothelioma Cells Increases the Release of Extracellular Vesicles That Skew Neutrophils Toward a Protumor Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Circulating biomarkers in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: Clinical applications of liquid biopsy in diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2025Review
- The 3D Language of Cancer: Communication via Extracellular Vesicles from Tumor Spheroids and Organoids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Establishment of an Assay with Ultrahigh Sensitivity for Detecting sEV-Derived PD-L1 as a Serum Biomarker for Lung Cancer-A Pilot Study Using TN-cyclon™.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Current and Emerging Applications to Mitigate Cellular Signaling in Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Targeting Exosomal PD-L1 as a New Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- A nanoplasmonic cell-on-a-chip for in situ monitoring of PD-L1Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1 Domain Organization, Signaling Motifs, and Interactors in Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- PKCα regulates the secretion of PDL1-carrying small extracellular vesicles in a p53-dependent manner.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances in subpopulation separation and detection of extracellular vesicles: for liquid biopsy and downstream research.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Exosomal PD-L1 detection in cancer predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in head and neck cancer: mediators of oncogenesis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
According to the conventional wisdom, programmed death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1)-mediated immunosuppression was based on the physical contact between tumor cells and T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrated that PD-L1 was also highly expressed on the surface of tumor cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). PD-L1 on sEVs, which could also directly bind to PD-1 on T cells, has a vital function in immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance. Due to the heterogeneity and dynamic changes of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, developing sEV PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker for the clinical responses to immunotherapy could be an attractive option. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest researches and advancements on sEV PD-L1, including the biogenesis and secretion mechanisms, isolation and detection strategies, as well as the biological functions of sEV PD-L1. In the meantime, we highlighted the application potential of sEV PD-L1 as diagnostic and prognostic markers in tumor, especially for predicting the clinical responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies. In particular, with the gradual deepening of the studies, challenges and problems regarding the further understanding and application of sEV PD-L1 have begun to emerge. Based on the current research status, we summarized the potential challenges and possible solutions, and prospected several key directions for future studies of sEV PD-L1. Collectively, by highlighting the important knowns and unknowns of sEV PD-L1, our present review would help to light the way forward for the field of sEV PD-L1 and to avoid unnecessary blindness and detours.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.