ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Systems: Past, Present, and Future Directions.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07284511 (Fully Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Tirzepatide), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fully Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Tirzepatide: a Randomized, Multi-center, Open-label, Non-inferiority, Parallel Trial
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of an Automated Priming Bolus for Improving Prandial Glucose Control in Full Closed Loop Delivery.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Twenty-four-month evaluation of the glycemia risk index in adults with type 1 diabetes using advanced hybrid closed-loop systems.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- From algorithm to alarm: a narrative review on insulin delivery innovation.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinician in the loop: a flawed solution for AI oversight.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Smart nanomaterials enabling drug delivery and glucose monitoring for diabetes management.Discover nano · 2026Review
- A synthetic angiotensin II/ACE2-based hormone shunt controlling experimental hypertension.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Age and sex differences in diabetic ketoacidosis outcomes in type 1 diabetes: a national cohort study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- From microfluidics to nanodelivery: artificial intelligence reshapes neuropharmacology research strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advancing Type 1 Diabetes Management: Integrating Novel Therapies, Technologies, and Adjunctive Approaches.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Integrating Polymeric 3D-Printed Microneedles with Wearable Devices: Toward Smart and Personalized Healthcare Solutions.Polymers · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Based Wearable Sensing Technologies for the Management of Cancer, Diabetes, and COVID-19.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Effect of Automated Insulin Delivery System Therapy at Diagnosis on Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Barriers to translating continuous monitoring technologies for preventative medicine.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Ultrastable Insulin-Glucagon Fusion Protein Exploits an Endogenous Hepatic Switch to Mitigate Hypoglycemic Risk.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Microfluidic technologies for wearable and implantable biomedical devices.Lab on a chip · 2025Review
- [Artificial intelligence in preventive medicine for children and adolescents-applications and acceptance].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Review
- Successful use of a fully closed-loop insulin delivery system in an adolescent with diabetes secondary to pancreatitis - a case report.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Racial disparities in continuous glucose monitoring-based 60-min glucose predictions among people with type 1 diabetes.PLOS digital health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Closed-loop (artificial pancreas) systems for automated insulin delivery have been likened to the holy grail of diabetes management. The first iterations of glucose-responsive insulin delivery were pioneered in the 1960s and 1970s, with the development of systems that used venous glucose measurements to dictate intravenous infusions of insulin and dextrose in order to maintain normoglycemia. Only recently have these bulky, bedside technologies progressed to miniaturized, wearable devices. These modern closed-loop systems use interstitial glucose sensing, subcutaneous insulin pumps, and increasingly sophisticated algorithms. As the number of commercially available hybrid closed-loop systems has grown, so too has the evidence supporting their efficacy. Future challenges in closed-loop technology include the development of fully closed-loop systems that do not require user input for meal announcements or carbohydrate counting. Another evolving avenue in research is the addition of glucagon to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia and allow more aggressive insulin dosing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.