Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35736370›Full record

ArticleGenetics2022

Local fitness and epistatic effects lead to distinct patterns of linkage disequilibrium in protein-coding genes.

Aaron P Ragsdale

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. GENERAL MOMENT CLOSURE FOR THE NEUTRAL TWO-LOCUS WRIGHT-FISHER DYNAMICS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. A model for background selection in non-equilibrium populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Revisiting Dominance in Population Genetics.Genome biology and evolution · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Linkage equilibrium between rare mutations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Quantifying the fraction of new mutations that are recessive lethal.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aaron P RagsdaleDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0715-3432
University of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Selected mutations interfere and interact with evolutionary processes at nearby loci, distorting allele frequency trajectories and creating correlations between pairs of mutations. Recent studies have used patterns of linkage disequilibrium between selected variants to test for selective interference and epistatic interactions, with some disagreement over interpreting observations from data. Interpretation is hindered by a lack of analytic or even numerical expectations for patterns of variation between pairs of loci under the combined effects of selection, dominance, epistasis, and demography. Here, I develop a numerical approach to compute the expected two-locus sampling distribution under diploid selection with arbitrary epistasis and dominance, recombination, and variable population size. I use this to explore how epistasis and dominance affect expected signed linkage disequilibrium, including for nonsteady-state demography relevant to human populations. Using whole-genome sequencing data from humans, I explore genome-wide patterns of linkage disequilibrium within protein-coding genes. I show that positive linkage disequilibrium between missense mutations within genes is driven by strong positive allele-frequency correlations between mutations that fall within the same annotated conserved domain, pointing to compensatory mutations or antagonistic epistasis as the prevailing mode of interaction within conserved genic elements. Linkage disequilibrium between missense mutations is reduced outside of conserved domains, as expected under Hill-Robertson interference. This variation in both mutational fitness effects and selective interactions within protein-coding genes calls for more refined inferences of the joint distribution of fitness and interactive effects, and the methods presented here should prove useful in that pursuit.

Indexed as

Epistasis, GeneticModels, GeneticBiological EvolutionGene FrequencyHumansLinkage DisequilibriumSelection, Geneticdiffusion approximationdistribution of fitness effectsepistasisinterferencelinkage disequilibrium

Identifiers

PMID35736370
PMCPMC9339331
OpenAlexW4283361209

What Socratic holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.