ReviewMetabolites2022
Interactions between Tryptophan Metabolism, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System as Potential Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Diseases.
Review in Metabolites, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between maternal asthma and ASD/ADHD in offspring: A meta-analysis based on observational studies.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Indole-3-Propionic Acid Alleviates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease via AHR/AMPK Signaling Activation.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Postoperative Serum Quinolinic Acid and 3-Hydroxykynurenine in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Shunt: A Pilot Study of Their Association with Postattenuation Neurologic Signs.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Clinically distinct metabotypes of pediatric MASLD identified through unsupervised clustering of NASH CRN data.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Metabolomics Reveals the Anti-hepatic Fibrosis Mechanisms ofInternational journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis and intervention strategies for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease from the perspective of the gut-microbiota-liver axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prognostic value of tryptophan catabolism-base scores in acute myocardial infarction patients.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The gut-liver-immune axis: structural basis, cellular architecture, molecular mediators, and disease-specific manifestations.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Loss of immunometabolic adaptability in MASH: gut-derived signals drive macrophage reprogramming and fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research progress on the mechanistic pathways and biomarkers of therapeutic drugs for metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Tryptophan derivatives as non-invasive diagnostic indicators for obesity-related MASLD in children and adolescents.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- The Vicious Circle of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease When Micronutrient Deficiency Drives Microbial Imbalance and Liver Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Kynurenine-mediated redox regulation provides neuroprotection in central retinal artery occlusion.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolite Indole-3-Propionic Acid-Emerging Role in Neuroprotection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- Ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polydopamine grafted with MWCNT-COOH for tryptophan detection.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Effect of dapagliflozin on the serum metabolome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing and therefore is its burden of disease as NALFD is a risk factor for cirrhosis and is associated with other metabolic conditions such as type II diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Linking these cardiometabolic diseases is a state of low-grade inflammation, with higher cytokines and c-reactive protein levels found in individuals with NAFLD, obesity and type II diabetes. A possible therapeutic target to decrease this state of low-grade inflammation is the metabolism of the essential amino-acid tryptophan. Its three main metabolic pathways (kynurenine pathway, indole pathway and serotonin/melatonin pathway) result in metabolites such as kynurenic acid, xanturenic acid, indole-3-propionic acid and serotonin/melatonin. The kynurenine pathway is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that is upregulated by pro-inflammatory molecules such as INF, IL-6 and LPS. Higher activity of IDO is associated with increased inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, as well with increased glucose levels, obesity and atherosclerosis. On the other hand, increased concentrations of the indole pathway metabolites, regulated by the gut microbiome, seem to result in more favorable outcomes. This narrative review summarizes the interactions between tryptophan metabolism, the gut microbiome and the immune system as potential drivers of cardiometabolic diseases in NAFLD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.