ArticleJournal of neurology2022
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of proenkephalin and prodynorphin are differentially altered in Huntington's and Parkinson's disease.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers in Ataxia-Telangiectasia: a Systematic Review.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Fluid and Imaging Biomarkers in Huntington's Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Decreased cerebrospinal fluid TNFRSF8 (sCD30) confirmed as a biomarker of Huntington's disease progression.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- NicheTrans: spatial-aware cross-omics translation.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Proenkephalin Predicts Striatal Atrophy Decades before Clinical Motor Diagnosis in Huntington's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Peptidomic analysis of CSF reveals new biomarker candidates for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Somatic CAG repeat expansion in blood associates with biomarkers of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease decades before clinical motor diagnosis.Nature medicine · 2025Observational
- Advances in Huntington's Disease Biomarkers: A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis and a Comprehensive Review.Biology · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons: multimodal cells with diverse roles in the CNS.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) are peptides mainly produced by the striatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) under dopaminergic signaling. Therefore, they may represent candidate biomarkers in Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), two neurodegenerative diseases characterized by striatal atrophy and/or dysfunction.
methodsUsing an in-house established liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of PENK- and PDYN- derived peptides in patients with HD (n = 47), PD (n = 61), Alzheimer's disease (n = 11), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 14) and in 92 control subjects. Moreover, we investigated the possible associations between biomarkers and disease severity scales in HD and PD and the effect of dopaminergic therapy on biomarker levels in PD.
resultsIn HD, CSF PENK- and PDYN-derived peptide levels were significantly decreased compared to all other groups and were associated with disease severity scores. In PD, both biomarkers were within the normal range, but higher PDYN levels were found in dopamine-treated compared to untreated patients. In PD, both CSF PENK and PDYN did not correlate with clinical severity scales.
conclusionsCSF PENK- and PDYN-derived peptides appeared to be promising pathogenetic and disease severity markers in HD, reflecting the ongoing striatal neurodegeneration along with the loss of MSNs. In PD patients, CSF PDYN showed a limitative role as a possible pharmacodynamic marker during dopaminergic therapy, but further investigations are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.