Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2022
Modulation of autophagy: a Phase II study of vorinostat plus hydroxychloroquine versus regorafenib in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02316340 (Modulation of Autophagy), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Modulation of Autophagy: A Clinical Study of Vorinostat Plus Hydroxychloroquine Versus Regorafenib in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients (CTMS# 14-2015)
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment.Theranostics · 2023Pooled it
- Autophagy modulation in cancer.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Targeting lysosome-dependent cell death in cancer: towards therapeutic strategies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy: mechanisms, disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Paraptosis: A New Frontier in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between NRP1 and autophagy in the tumor microenvironment: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Kinesin Family Member 26A Disrupts DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Complex Formation to Enhance Chemoradiotherapy Sensitivity in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Autophagy-Targeting Nanomedicine: Strike at the Heart of the Cancer via Precise Modulation of Autophagy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Spatio-temporal processes in autophagosome-lysosome fusion.Medical review (2021) · 2025Review
- Autophagy inhibition potentiates anti-cancer activity of Sunitinib in kidney cancer cells.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Review
- Nanomedicine Approaches for Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Therapy.Small science · 2025Article
- The dual role of autophagy in cancer stem cells: implications for tumor progression and therapy resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Epigenetic marvels: exploring the landscape of colorectal cancer treatment through cutting-edge epigenetic-based drug strategies.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Targeting autophagy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer: randomized phase II trial of hydroxychloroquine with chemotherapy with biomarker correlation.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Hydroxychloroquine's diverse targets: a new frontier in precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Oral Carbon Monoxide Enhances Autophagy Modulation in Prostate, Pancreatic, and Lung Cancers.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Contribution of Autophagy to Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induction during Cancer Progression.Cancers · 2024Review
- The interplay between autophagy and cGAS-STING signaling and its implications for cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeted small molecule therapy and inhibitors for lymphoma.Future medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), regorafenib (RGF), a multi-kinase inhibitor with angiogenic inhibition has modest effects on survival. We reported that autophagy modulation using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), enhances the anticancer activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat (VOR), in mCRC, is well tolerated, and has comparable activity to RGF. Thus, we conducted a prospective study of VOR/HCQ versus RGF in mCRC.
methodsThis is a randomised, controlled trial of VOR 400 mg and HCQ 600 mg orally daily versus RGF 160 mg orally daily (3 weeks on/1 week off), every 4 weeks, in patients with mCRC. PRIMARY ENDPOINT: median progression-free survival (mPFS). Secondary endpoints: median overall survival (mOS); adverse events; pharmacodynamic analyses.
resultsFrom 2/2015-10/2017, 42 patients were randomised to VOR/HCQ and RGF. Median age was 58.4 years. mPFS on VOR/HCQ was 1.9 months versus 4.35 months with RGF (P = 0.032). There was no difference in mOS (P = 0.9). Treatment was tolerated in both arms. In both arms, there was improved anti-tumour immunity.
conclusionsVOR/HCQ had an inferior PFS when compared to RGF, although there was an increase in anti-tumour immunity in mCRC. VOR/HCQ has a favourable safety profile, and immune or tumour biomarkers may be used to identify clinical benefit of autophagy modulation in mCRC. CLINICAL
trial registrationNCT02316340.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.