ReviewBiomedicines2022
Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Breast Milk: MicroRNA Contents and Potential Epigenetic Effects.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicle microRNAs in breastmilk of mothers with overweight and obesity: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Human Milk Feeding in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Growth, Metabolic Control, and Neurodevelopment Outcomes.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Pooled it
- MicroRNAs from colostrum and mature cow milk: High-throughput sequencing and functional enrichment.Food chemistry. Molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reasons why Mothers Choose Human Milk as Their Method of Infant Nutrition: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review Protocol.Campbell systematic reviews · 2026Review
- Cow's Milk Protein Allergy, a Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, Management, and Economic Impact.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Microbiome, Epigenetics, and Nutritional Factors in Shaping Perinatal Pregnancy Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human Breast Milk-Derived Exosomal FP671120.4 Inhibits Macrophage M1 Polarization via Modulating the ELAVL1/Nrf2 Axis in Sepsis-Associated Liver Injury.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Characterization and biological health implications of microRNAs from human milk and infant formulas.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Antioxidant Capacity of Colostrum of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Human breast milk-derived exosomes and their positive role on neonatal intestinal health.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Impact of Maternal Microbiota Composition on Neonatal Immunity and Early Childhood Allergies: A Systematic Review.Pediatric reports · 2025Review
- Involvement of miRNAs in the Cluster of Metabolic Factors of MetS: Nutrition-Genome-MetS Axis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Milk-derived exosomes as functional nanocarriers in wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of maternal and offspring smoking and breastfeeding on oesophageal cancer in adult offspring.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Diabetes-preventive molecular mechanisms of breast versus formula feeding: new insights into the impact of milk on stem cell Wnt signaling.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Maternal Nutrition, Toxicants, and Epigenetic Programming of Obesity Across Generations.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of age receive adequate nutrients, achieving optimal immune protection and growth. In addition to the known nutritional components of human breast milk (HBM), i.e., water, carbohydrates, fats and proteins, it is also a rich source of microRNAs, which impact epigenetic mechanisms. This comprehensive work presents an up-to-date overview of the immunomodulatory constituents of HBM, highlighting its content of circulating microRNAs. The epigenetic effects of HBM are discussed, especially those regulated by miRNAs. HBM contains more than 1400 microRNAs. The majority of these microRNAs originate from the lactating gland and are based on the remodeling of cells in the gland during breastfeeding. These miRNAs can affect epigenetic patterns by several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA regulation, which could ultimately result in alterations in gene expressions. Therefore, the unique microRNA profile of HBM, including exosomal microRNAs, is implicated in the regulation of the genes responsible for a variety of immunological and physiological functions, such as
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.