ArticleNature communications2022
The encephalomyocarditis virus Leader promotes the release of virions inside extracellular vesicles via the induction of secretory autophagy.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles Released by Picornavirus-Infected Cells Modify Antiviral Immune Cell Responses.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Zoological transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus in the United States: Virus evolution, host ecology, and capsid antigenicity derived from an outbreak.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Autophagic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) are distinct from exosomes and play crucial roles in viral infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The leader proteins of Theiler's virus and Boone cardiovirus use a combination of short linear motifs (SLiMs) to target RSK kinases to the nuclear pore complex.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Modulation of Ire1-Xbp1 Defense Pathway in Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Infected HeLa Cells.Viruses · 2025Article
- Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- The EMCV protein 2B* is required for efficient cell lysis via both caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways during infection.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Imaging flow cytometry reveals the mechanism of equine arteritis virus entry and internalization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Reticulophagy and viral infection.Autophagy · 2025Review
- Article
- A switch from lysosomal degradation to secretory autophagy initiates osteogenic bone metastasis in prostate cancer.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Picornavirus security proteins promote the release of extracellular vesicle enclosed viruses via the modulation of host kinases.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Dengue virus exploits autophagy vesicles and secretory pathways to promote transmission by human dendritic cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Hepatoviruses promote very-long-chain fatty acid and sphingolipid synthesis for viral RNA replication and quasi-enveloped virus release.Science advances · 2023Article
- Replenishing decoy extracellular vesicles inhibits phenotype remodeling of tissue-resident cells in inflammation-driven arthritis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Autophagy as a dual-faced host response to viral infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Naked viruses can escape host cells before the induction of lysis via release in extracellular vesicles (EVs). These nanosized EVs cloak the secreted virus particles in a host-derived membrane, which alters virus-host interactions that affect infection efficiency and antiviral immunity. Currently, little is known about the viral and host factors regulating this form of virus release. Here, we assessed the role of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) Leader protein, a 'viral security protein' that subverts the host antiviral response. EV release upon infection with wildtype virus or a Leader-deficient mutant was characterized at the single particle level using high-resolution flow cytometry. Inactivation of the Leader abolished EV induction during infection and strongly reduced EV-enclosed virus release. We demonstrate that the Leader promotes the release of virions within EVs by stimulating a secretory arm of autophagy. This newly discovered role of the EMCV Leader adds to the variety of mechanisms via which this protein affects virus-host interactions. Moreover, these data provide first evidence for a crucial role of a non-structural viral protein in the non-lytic release of picornaviruses via packaging in EVs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.