ReviewFrontiers in neurology2022
PD-1/PD-L Axis in Neuroinflammation: New Insights.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: translational mechanisms, dynamic biomarkers, clinically actionable combination strategies, and comparative checkpoint biology.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- PDCD1 Signaling in Microglia Can Reduce Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury by Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway, Thereby Alleviating Neurological Dysfunction.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Navigating the Ethereal Tightrope: The Nanogenerator Manipulates Neurons for Immune Equilibrium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Neurotoxicity of Immunotherapy: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Encephalitis vs. Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome.World journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Glycyrrhizic acid-loaded biomimetic hybrid liposomes targeting inflammatory cascades and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to reverse neuroinflammation-driven cognitive decline.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Co-expression of MARCKS and GSDMD pathway genes in tuberculous meningitis: a multi-omics analysis of blood-brain barrier disruption.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Microglial PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CNS demyelinating diseases: a dual immunoregulatory perspective.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Parkinson's Disease: Immunometabolic Control Points Across Neural, Vascular, and Peripheral Systems.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune Dysregulation and AI-Driven Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Targeting PD-L1 for Ischemic Stroke Recovery: Age-Dependent Modulation of Immune and BBB Pathways.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint PD-L1 Modulates Retinal Microglial Activation to Alleviate Vascular Leakage in Choroidal Neovascularization via ERK.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Unmasking a Paradox: Roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Article
- Altered Monocyte Populations and Activation Marker Expression in Children with Autism and Co-Occurring Gastrointestinal Symptoms.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The role of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Editorial: Community series in trends in neuroimmunology: cross-talk between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells in both health and disease, volume II.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- PD-L1: From cancer immunotherapy to therapeutic implications in multiple disorders.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Dynamics of peripheral T cell exhaustion and monocyte subpopulations in neurocognitive impairment and brain atrophy in chronic HIV infection.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) led to an improvement in the treatment of several types of cancer. The main targets of these drugs are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1), which are important inhibitory molecules for the immune system. Besides being generally safer than common chemotherapy, the use of ICIs has been associated with several immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Although rare, neurological adverse effects are reported within the irAEs in clinical trials, particularly in patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies or a combination of both anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 drugs. The observations obtained from clinical trials suggest that the PD-1 axis may play a remarkable role in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, numerous studies in preclinical models have demonstrated the involvement of PD-1 in several neurological disorders. However, a comprehensive understanding of these cellular mechanisms remains elusive. Our review aims to summarize the most recent evidence concerning the regulation of neuroinflammation through PD-1/PD-L signaling, focusing on cell populations that are involved in this pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.