Evidence mapPaperPMID 35768707Full record

ReviewDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2022

Twenty Years of Insulin Gla-100: A Systematic Evaluation of Its Efficacy and Safety in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Bipin Sethi, A G Unnikrishnan, Vageesh Ayyar, P K Jabbar, K K Ganguly, Sudhir Bhandari, Ashu Rastogi, Rajarshi Mukherjee, Vivek Sundaram, Adlyne R Asirvatham

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 42% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Bipin SethiDepartment of Endocrinology, Care Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. endoinformationcare@gmail.com.
A G UnnikrishnanDepartment of Endocrinology, Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Vageesh AyyarDepartment of Endocrinology, St. John's Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
P K JabbarDepartment of Endocrinology, Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
K K GangulyDepartment of Endocrinology, Peerless Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Sudhir BhandariSMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Ashu RastogiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
Rajarshi MukherjeeAstha Medical Center, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
Vivek SundaramDepartment of Diabetes and Internal Medicine, Sundaram Hospital, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
Adlyne R AsirvathamDepartment of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India.
CARE Hospitals · INPeerless Hospital & B.K.Roy Research Centre · INPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research · INSawai ManSingh Medical College and Hospital · INSri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research · INSt.John's Medical College Hospital · INSundaram Medical Foundation · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis systematic review aims to present the current evidence base with respect to the initiation and intensification of insulin therapy with glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) compared to other insulins in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

methodsA systematic literature search of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of controlled clinical trials databases was performed to identify studies published up to September 30, 2020 that compared the effects of Gla-100 to that of other insulin regimens in people with T2DM. Relevant information pertaining to the predefined outcomes of interest was extracted. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change and response rates along with overall hypoglycemia incidence were the primary efficacy and safety outcomes of interest.

resultsSeventy-nine studies (63 interventional and 16 non-interventional) in which Gla-100 was either initiated in previously insulin-naïve patients (n = 57) or used in an intensified regimen (n = 22) were identified and evaluated. In insulin-naïve patients, most studies demonstrated that Gla-100 was significantly better compared with premixed insulins and similar compared with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, second-generation basal insulins, co-formulations, and other first-generation basal insulins in terms of the primary efficacy parameters. Overall hypoglycemia risk with Gla-100 was significantly lower compared with NPH, premixed, coformulation, and other first-generation basal insulins and significantly higher compared with second-generation basal insulins. In studies with intensified regimens, efficacy outcomes with Gla-100 were significantly better compared with insulin detemir (IDet); similar compared with NPH, second-generation basal insulins, co-formulations; and with premixed insulins. In these studies, overall hypoglycemia risk with Gla-100 was significantly lower compared with IDet and comparable to NPH, premixed insulins, co-formulations, and second-generation basal insulins. In addition, most intensification studies also revealed a significantly lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia with Gla-100-based regimens versus NPH and premixed insulins and a significantly greater risk compared to second-generation basal insulins.

conclusionsThe evidence presented in this review suggests that Gla-100 is an effective option for both insulin initiation and intensification strategies used in the management of T2DM.

Indexed as

Gla-100Glycemic outcomesPremixed insulinSecond-generation basal insulin

Identifiers

PMID35768707
PMCPMC9309110
OpenAlexW4283721464

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.