ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2022
Biology, Bias, or Both? The Contribution of Sex and Gender to the Disparity in Cardiovascular Outcomes Between Women and Men.
Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Atherosclerosis after pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity effect on newly diagnosed and recurrent post-ablation atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization studies of lifestyle-related risk factors for stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Structural equation modeling to explore putative causal factors for chronic fatigue in childhood cancer survivors: a DCCSS LATER study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Persistent Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation After Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: Prognostic Implications of Guideline-Based Eligibility for Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Intervention.Structural heart : the journal of the Heart Team · 2026Article
- Equitable lipid optimisation through a data-driven, pharmacist-led secondary prevention pathway.Open heart · 2026Article
- Affordability and Serving Accuracy of a Publicly Available DASH Meal Plan for Women Using SNAP Benefits.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Gender bias in the clinical reasoning steps of medical students: a critical examination.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes Following Mitral Valve Surgery: A Contemporary Analysis From 2 Institutions.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Self-Care Agency in Cardiovascular Care: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Interplay Between Self-Efficacy, Loneliness and Physical Activity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intergenerational Socioeconomic Mobility and Cardiovascular Health Among Hispanic/Latino Youth and Caregivers Living in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Sex-Specific Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases: Biological Mechanisms, Diagnostic-Therapeutic Differences, and Translational Medicine Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein(a) universal one-time screening in primary prevention: the EPIC-Norfolk study.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in MASLD After Age 50: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Clinical Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Mitochondria, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Complex Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex differences in time to testing for pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a survival analysis.Clinical therapeutics · 2025Article
- Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: Shared Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Review
- Sex-disaggregated data along the gendered health pathways: A review and analysis of global data on hypertension, diabetes, HIV, and AIDS.PLoS medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Microvascular endothelial cells display organ-specific responses to extracellular matrix stiffness.Current research in physiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide for both men and women. However, CVD is understudied, underdiagnosed, and undertreated in women. This bias has resulted in women being disproportionately affected by CVD when compared to men. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the contribution of sex and gender on CVD outcomes in men and women and offer recommendations for researchers and clinicians. RECENT
findingsEvidence demonstrates that there are sex differences (e.g., menopause and pregnancy complications) and gender differences (e.g., socialization of gender) that contribute to the inequality in risk, presentation, and treatment of CVD in women. To start addressing the CVD issues that disproportionately impact women, it is essential that these sex and gender differences are addressed through educating health care professionals on gender bias; offering patient-centered care and programs tailored to women's needs; and conducting inclusive health research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.