ArticleHuman immunology
Genetic variants in the NF-κB signaling pathway (NFKB1, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ) and risk of critical outcome among COVID-19 patients.
Article in Human immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking and vaping alter genes related to mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The European respiratory journal · 2024Pooled it
- Potential causal role of mitochondrial biological effects in COVID-19: Evidence from Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Mapping kinase-dependent tumor immune adaptation with multiplexed single-cell CRISPR screens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Network-constrained Random Lasso for biologically interpretable gene network inference across unequal sample sizes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Search for Potential VDR/Partner Composite Elements in Regulatory DNA of Genes Associated with Respiratory Infections and Atopic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pathogenic and transcriptomic differences among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses from distinct lineages in piglets.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Powerful gene network enrichment analysis and its application to severe COVID-19 gene network.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Galangin reduces MPTP-induced dopamine neuron injury via the autophagy dependent-PI3K/AKT pathway.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- The role of inflammatory gene polymorphisms in severe COVID-19: a review.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Genome-wide association studies of COVID-19 vaccine seroconversion and breakthrough outcomes in UK Biobank.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Inflammasome-Related Genetic Polymorphisms as Severity Biomarkers of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The exploration of glucocorticoid pathway based on disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Heliyon · 2024Article
- High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The central inflammatory regulator IκBζ: induction, regulation and physiological functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The NF-κB signaling pathway is a key regulator of inflammation in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This pathway has been implicated in the hyperinflammatory state that characterizes the severe forms of COVID-19. The genetic variation of the NF-κB components might thus explain the predisposition to critical outcomes of this viral disease. We aimed to study the role of the common NFKB1 rs28362491, NFKBIA rs696 and NFKBIZ rs3217713 variants in the risk of developing severe COVID-19 with ICU admission. A total of 470 Spanish patients requiring respiratory support in the ICU were studied (99 deceased and 371 survivors). Compared to healthy population controls (N = 300), the NFKBIA rs696 GG genotype was increased in the patients (p = 0.045; OR = 1.37). The NFKBIZ rs3217713 insertion homozygosis was associated with a significant risk of death (p = 0.02; OR = 1.76) and was also related to increased D-dimer values (p = 0.0078, OR = 1.96). This gene has been implicated in sepsis in mice and rats. Moreover, we found a trend toward lower expression of the NFKBIZ transcript in total blood from II patients. In conclusion, variants in the NF-κB genes might be associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19, with a significant effect of the NFKBIZ gene on mortality. Our results were based on a limited number of patients and require validation in larger cohorts from other populations.
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