Trial reportThe Lancet. Public health2022
Effects of gender-transformative relationships and sexuality education to reduce adolescent pregnancy (the JACK trial): a cluster-randomised trial.
Trial report in The Lancet. Public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a whole-school relationships and sexual health intervention on non-competent sexual debut: cluster-randomised trial.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Trial
- Building multi-sectoral alliances to co-design and pilot a gender-transformative comprehensive sexuality education intervention for adolescents: the case of Si Yo Fuera Juan in Uruguay.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of adolescence reproductive health webcast on parents' knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes: Randomized controlled trial.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Cost-benefit analysis of adolescent HIV/STI prevention and comprehensive sexuality education interventions in Cambodia: a modelling study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Public health interventions aimed at children aged 5-19 years funded by local authorities in England: a scoping review of economic analyses.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Intersectoral interventions: integration for impact on preterm birth.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- How do gender transformative interventions reduce adolescent pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a realist synthesis.Journal of global health · 2025Review
- Beyond policy: perspectives of school health practitioners about providing contraception services to school-going adolescents in South Africa.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Insights from a Qualitative Exploration of Adolescents' Opinions on Sex Education.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- "My father insisted that I have the baby but not in his house": Adolescent pregnancy, social exclusion and (dis)empowerment of girls in an urban informal settlement in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Systematic review: risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Involving men and boys in family planning: A systematic review of the effective components and characteristics of complex interventions in low- and middle-income countries.Campbell systematic reviews · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe need to engage boys in gender-transformative relationships and sexuality education (RSE) to reduce adolescent pregnancy is endorsed by WHO. We aimed to test an intervention which used a gender-transformative approach to engage adolescents in RSE to prevent unprotected sex.
methodsThis cluster-randomised trial with process and economic evaluations tested a school-based intervention entitled If I Were Jack versus standard RSE (control) for students (aged 14-15 years) in UK schools. Schools were randomly allocated (1:1) and masked to allocation at baseline. The primary outcome was self-reported avoidance of unprotected sex (sexual abstinence or use of reliable contraception at last sex) after 12-14-months. We analysed the data using intention-to-treat mixed effects regression models.
findingsOf 803 schools assessed for eligibility, 263 schools were invited by letter, of which 66 schools agreed to be randomly assigned, of which 62 schools completed follow-up. The trial was done between Feb 1, 2018, and March 6, 2020. 8216 students participated at baseline in 2018; 6561 (79·85%) provided 12-14 months follow-up. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of avoidance of unprotected sex: 2648 (86·62) of 3057 in the intervention group avoided unprotected sex versus 2768 (86·41%) of 3203 in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0·85 [95% CI 0·58-1·26], p=0·42). Exploratory post-hoc analysis of the two components of the primary outcome showed that significantly more intervention students used reliable contraception at last sex compared with control students and there was no significant difference between the groups for sexual abstinence. No adverse events were reported.
interpretationThe intervention had a null effect on the primary outcome of preventing unprotected sex (increasing sexual abstinence or use of reliable contraception) in the whole student population. However, the results showed significant increases in use of reliable contraceptives for sexually active students. Engaging all young people early through RSE is important so that as they become sexually active, rates of unprotected sex are reduced.
fundingNational Institute for Health Research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.