Observational studyBMC medicine2022
Number of standard modifiable risk factors and mortality in patients with first-presentation ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry.
Observational study in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-Term Mobile-Based Glycemic Intervention for Secondary Prevention in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Surgical Revascularization: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Mitochondrial-derived vesicles drive budding-type fission of damaged lysosomes.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in China: Calling for New-Era Strategies.JACC. Asia · 2026Review
- Risk Without Recognition: Anticipating the Rise of SMuRF-Less Myocardial Infarction.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Observational
- Salvigenin alleviates ferroptosis and pyroptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Article
- Discovery of circadian rhythm-related hub genes in acute myocardial infarction: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study: Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle Eastern, Mainly Jordanians, Cohort Presented with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Observational
- Redefining atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients with no standard modifiable risk factors "SMuRF-less": six rather than four risk factors. Analysis from the Jordan SMuRF-less Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- The Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Exhibits A Superior Prognostic Value in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Coronary Syndrome.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Glycolysis Mediates Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through Promoting the Lactylation of GPX4.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Article
- The role of circ_0050908 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its predictive value for AMI.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of SMuRFs with cardiovascular risk factors, disease burden, and pharmacological management in Middle Eastern patients with ASCVD and a family history of premature CVD.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Absence of Standard Modifiable Risk Factors in Middle Eastern Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. The Jordan Absence of Standard Modifiable Risk Factors (SMuRF-Less) Study.Vascular health and risk management · 2025Article
- Age shock index and age-modified shock index are valuable bedside prognostic tools for postdischarge mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- No standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in acute myocardial infarction: prevalence, pathophysiology, and prognosis.Cardiovascular intervention and therapeutics · 2024Review
- In-Hospital Mortality and Treatment in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome With and Without Standard Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Findings From the CCC-ACS Project.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Evaluating Long-Term Outcomes in STEMI Patients with New Left Bundle Branch Block: The Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease in China.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent publications reported a paradoxical finding that there was an inverse association between the number of standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs; smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. However, the current evidence is only limited to those highly developed countries with advanced medical management systems.
methodsThe China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry is a prospective observational study including patients with acute myocardial infarction from three-level hospitals across 31 administrative regions throughout mainland China. A total of 16,228 patients with first-presentation ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) admitted to hospitals from January 2013 to September 2014 were enrolled in the current analysis. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for baseline characteristics, clinical profiles at presentation, and in-hospital treatments were used to assess the association of the number of SMuRFs with all-cause mortality at 30 days after STEMI presentation.
resultsA total of 1918 (11.8%), 11,503 (70.9%), and 2807 (17.3%) patients had 0, 1-2, and 3-4 SMuRFs at presentation, respectively. Patients with fewer SMuRFs were older and more likely to be females, experienced longer pre-hospital delays, and were less likely to receive primary percutaneous coronary intervention and evidence-based medications. Compared with those without any SMuRF, patients with 1-2 SMuRFs and 3-4 SMuRFs were associated with an HR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.87) and 0.63 (0.51-0.77) for all-cause mortality up to 30 days in the unadjusted model (P
conclusionsThe increased crude mortality risk among patients without SMuRFs is explained by confounding factors related to their poor risk profiles (old age, longer pre-hospital delays, and poor clinical management). After multivariate adjustment, a higher risk-factor burden was associated with poor prognosis among patients with STEMI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.