ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2022
Milk exosomes elicit a potent anti-viral activity against dengue virus.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Maternal Obesity and MicroRNAs in Breast Milk: Implications for Infant Developmental Programming.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- M2 microglial exosomal miR-1949 ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy through DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin-mediated microglial repolarization.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Cord blood natural killer cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit Zika virus infectivity through ITGB2/perforin-mediated envelope disruption in vitro and in vivo.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- MiR-1290 in natural killer cell derived extracellular vesicles: a pathogenic mediator of lupus nephritis and therapeutic target for th17 regulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Harnessing Mammalian- and Plant-Derived Exosomes for Drug Delivery: A Comparative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Goat Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Colitis Potentially Through Improved Gut Microbiota in Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Persistence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Goat and Cow Milks Under Different Storage Conditions and Following Thermal Inactivation.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Utilization of Local Remedies among Dengue Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center: An Observational Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Development and Therapeutic Use of Antivirals in Flavivirus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in mastitis: state of knowledge, research gaps and way forward.The veterinary quarterly · 2024Review
- Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Targeting delivery of miR-146a via IMTP modified milk exosomes exerted cardioprotective effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Goat milk extracellular vesicles: Separation comparison of natural carriers for theragnostic application.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The role of small extracellular vesicles in spreading and inhibiting arthropod-borne diseases.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Review
- Exploring the Targets of Dengue Virus and Designs of Potential Inhibitors.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2024Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Resources in the Clinical Environment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Dual-labeled nanoparticles based on small extracellular vesicles for tumor detection.Biology direct · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExosomes are nano-sized vesicles secreted by various cells into the intra and extracellular space and hence is an integral part of biological fluids including milk. In the last few decades, many research groups have proved the potential of milk exosomes as a sustainable, economical and non-immunogenic drug delivery and therapeutic agent against different pathological conditions. However, its anti-viral properties still remain to be unearthed.
methodsHere, we have been able to isolate, purify and characterize the milk derived exosomes from Cow (CME) and Goat (GME) and further studied its antiviral properties against Dengue virus (DENV), Newcastle Disease Virus strain Komarov (NDV-K) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) using an in-vitro infection system.
resultsTEM, NTA and DLS analysis validated the appropriate size of the isolated cow and goat milk exosomes (30-150 nm). Real-time PCR and immunoblotting results confirmed the presence of several milk exosomal miRNAs and protein markers. Our findings suggest that GME significantly decreased the infectivity of DENV. In addition, we confirmed that GME significantly reduces DENV replication and reduced the secretion of mature virions. Furthermore, heat inactivation of GME did not show any inhibition on DENV infection, replication, and secretion of mature virions. RNase treatment of GME abrogates the anti-viral properties indicating direct role of exosomes in DENV inhibition. In addition GME inhibited the infectivity of NDV-K, but not HIV-1, suggesting that the GME mediated antiviral activity might be virus specific.
conclusionThis study demonstrates the anti-viral properties of milk exosomes and opens new avenues for the development of exosome-based therapies to treat viral diseases.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.