ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2022
The Kappa Opioid Receptor: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Multiple Pathologies.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- HSK21542 in patients with postoperative pain: two phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Intravenous Butorphanol for Preventing Epidural-Related Maternal Fever (ERMF) During Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Brixadi for Stimulant Use Disorder: Evolving Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Implications.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Molecular Regulation of Pyroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Linking Neuroinflammation, Cell Death, and Therapeutic Targeting.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Kappa opioid receptors in excitatory spinal neurons gate acute pain: evidence from mouse and human.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Depression in neurodegenerative disease: neurobiological mechanisms and emerging treatments.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Development and Biological Characterization of Fluorescent Dynorphins for the Visualization of Kappa Opioid Receptors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Astroglial kappa opioid receptor-mediated reduction of glutamate exchanger xCT in the prelimbic cortex underlies chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Structural characterization of kappa-opioid receptor dimer in complex with two G proteins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A widespread internal brain state for fentanyl withdrawal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identification of Subtype-Selective Binding Sites in the Opioid Receptor Family.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Rational design of a Kappa opioid receptor peptide agonist with attenuated β-arrestin signaling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Evidence that xylazine disrupts skin homeostasis by acting on epithelial cells through the kappa opioid receptor.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights into G Protein-Biased κ-Opioid Receptor Signaling Using Dual-Charged Naltrexamine Amides.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Opioid Receptors in Psychedelia: Indirect Serotonergic Modulation of Direct KOR Activation by Salvinorin A.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Neurorestorative properties of ibogaine: linking multi-receptor affinities to remyelination and metabolic restoration.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Review
- Review
- Modulatory effects of orexin and dynorphin on stress-related alcohol seeking and relapse: pivotal role of the posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and treatment resistance in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, where they modulate a range of physiological processes depending on their location, including stress, mood, reward, pain, inflammation, and remyelination. However, clinical use of KOR agonists is limited by adverse effects such as dysphoria, aversion, and sedation. Within the drug-development field KOR agonists have been extensively investigated for the treatment of many centrally mediated nociceptive disorders including pruritis and pain. KOR agonists are potential alternatives to mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists for the treatment of pain due to their anti-nociceptive effects, lack of abuse potential, and reduced respiratory depressive effects, however, dysphoric side-effects have limited their widespread clinical use. Other diseases for which KOR agonists hold promising therapeutic potential include pruritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cancer, and ischemia. This review highlights recent drug-development efforts targeting KOR, including the development of G-protein-biased ligands, mixed opioid agonists, and peripherally restricted ligands to reduce side-effects. We also highlight the current KOR agonists that are in preclinical development or undergoing clinical trials.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.