ReviewJournal of internal medicine2022
Vitamin D and COVID-19-Revisited.
Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Vitamins impacting mental/physical well-being during viral pandemics: a mechanistic review based on COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with severe COVID-19: an observational study in hospitalized patients.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Baseline predictors for 28-day COVID-19 severity and mortality among hospitalized patients: results from the IMPACC study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Vitamin D: A Bridge between Kidney and Heart.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Vitamin D supplementations and mortality among patients with moderate/severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- [Lifestyle medication vitamin D. What evidence is available?]Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and Laboratory Markers from Romanian Patients-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Infant Vitamin D Supplements, Fecal Microbiota and Their Metabolites at 3 Months of Age in the CHILD Study Cohort.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Systemic and T cell-associated responses to SARS-CoV-2 immunisation in gut inflammation (STAR SIGN study): effects of biologics on vaccination efficacy of the third dose of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and COVID-19-Revisited.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Can vitamin D status influence seroconversion to SARS-COV2 vaccines?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Visual analysis of the research trend and status on the association between vitamin D and immunity: From 2012 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Baseline Serum Vitamin D Levels in Hospitalized Egyptian Covid-19 Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D, when activated to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is a steroid hormone that induces responses in several hundred genes, including many involved in immune responses to infection. Without supplementation, people living in temperate zones commonly become deficient in the precursor form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, during winter, as do people who receive less sunlight exposure or those with darker skin pigmentation. Studies performed pre-COVID-19 have shown significant but modest reduction in upper respiratory infections in people receiving regular daily vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency, like the risk of severe COVID-19, is linked with darker skin colour and also with obesity. Greater risk from COVID-19 has been associated with reduced ultraviolet exposure. Various studies have examined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, either historical or current, in patients with COVID-19. The results of these studies have varied but the majority have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of COVID-19 illness or severity. Interventional studies of vitamin D supplementation have so far been inconclusive. Trial protocols commonly allow control groups to receive low-dose supplementation that may be adequate for many. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease severity in patients with existing COVID-19 are further complicated by the frequent use of large bolus dose vitamin D to achieve rapid effects, even though this approach has been shown to be ineffective in other settings. As the pandemic passes into its third year, a substantial role of vitamin D deficiency in determining the risk from COVID-19 remains possible but unproven.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.