Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35804776›Full record

ReviewFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Effect of Cocoa Beverage and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Blood Pressure in Those with Normal and Elevated Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Isaac Amoah, Jia Jiet Lim, Emmanuel Ofori Osei, Michael Arthur, Phyllis Tawiah, Ibok Nsa Oduro, Margaret Saka Aduama-Larbi, Samuel Tetteh Lowor, Elaine Rush

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Isaac AmoahDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0002-5342-5825
Jia Jiet LimHuman Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-0861-9276
Emmanuel Ofori OseiDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0001-7080-2445
Michael ArthurDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana.
Phyllis TawiahDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana.
Ibok Nsa OduroDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana.
Margaret Saka Aduama-LarbiCocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Akim-Tafo P.O. Box 8, Ghana.
Samuel Tetteh LoworCocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Akim-Tafo P.O. Box 8, Ghana.
Elaine RushFaculty of Health and Environmental Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0001-7713-6203
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology · GHCocoa Research Institute of Ghana · GHAuckland University of Technology · NZUniversity of Auckland · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cocoa is a major dietary source of polyphenols, including flavanols, which have been associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). While earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown significant effects of cocoa consumption on systolic BP, limitations include small sample sizes and study heterogeneity. Questions regarding food matrix and dose of polyphenols, flavanols, or epicatechins remain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of ≥2 weeks of cocoa consumption as a beverage or dark chocolate in those with normal or elevated (< or ≥130 mmHg) systolic BP measured in the fasted state or over 24-h. A systematic search conducted on PubMed and Cochrane Library databases up to 26 February 2022 yielded 31 suitable articles. Independent of baseline BP, cocoa consumption for ≥2 weeks was associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.05, all). Compared with cocoa, chocolate lowered the weighted mean of resting systolic BP (−3.94 mmHg, 95% CI [−5.71, −2.18]) more than cocoa beverage (−1.54 mmHg, 95% CI [−3.08, 0.01]). When the daily dose of flavanols was ≥900 mg or of epicatechin ≥100 mg, the effect was greater. Future, adequately powered studies are required to determine the optimal dose for a clinically significant effect.

Indexed as

cocoa powderdiastolic blood pressureepicatechinflavanolpolyphenolsystolic blood pressure

Identifiers

PMID35804776
PMCPMC9265772
OpenAlexW4283767630

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.