ArticleDiabetes care2022
Undiagnosed Diabetes in U.S. Adults: Prevalence and Trends.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic retinopathy treatment cascade and care continuum in the USA: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Dapagliflozin on Measured vs. Panel-Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Enhanced Participation in Diabetes Screening and Care After Gestational Diabetes Through Community Health Workers: Results from the Es Mejor Saber Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Trial
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- 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Diagnosis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) at Risk for Advanced Fibrosis in a Real-World Primary Care Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Health Outcomes in Individuals With Confirmed Versus Unconfirmed Undiagnosed Diabetes Based on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Findings From the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Behavioral and Sociodemographic Predictors of Diabetes Among Non-Hispanic Multiracial Adults in the United States: Using the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum glucose intolerance: a retrospective study from a hospital specializing in infertility treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Amputation trends among people who use drugs in the context of Philadelphia's increasingly xylazine adulterated drug supply.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Association between diabetes phenotypes with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, using single-sample confirmatory testing: a national study.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Onychomycosis in Diabetics: A Common Infection with Potentially Serious Complications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Assessing the Reliability of Pancreatic CT Imaging Biomarkers for Diabetes Prediction: A Dual Center Retrospective Study.Academic radiology · 2025Article
- Diabetes prevalence, awareness, and control in the United States, 2017-2023.Diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- Trends and Risk Factors of Oral Health and Preventive Dental Care in Adults With Diabetes and Prediabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 to 2017-2020.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Article
- Determination of the Stage of Periodontitis with 20 ng/mL Cut-Off aMMP-8 Mouth Rinse Test and Polynomial Functions in a Mobile Application.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Instrumental variables in the cost of illness featuring type 2 diabetes.Health services research · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Disparities, and Mortality of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in US Adults, 2011-2018.The American journal of medicine · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveConfirmatory testing is recommended for diabetes diagnosis in clinical practice. However, national estimates of undiagnosed diabetes are based on single elevated test measures, potentially resulting in overestimation. Our objective was to update trends in undiagnosed diabetes using definitions consistent with clinical practice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe included 30,492 adults (aged ≥20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-2020). Among adults without diagnosed diabetes, confirmed undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having both elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (≥126 mg/dL) and elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; ≥6.5%), and persistent undiagnosed diabetes was defined as having elevated HbA1c or FPG levels, adjusted for the within-person variability in HbA1c and FPG tests.
resultsFrom the periods 1988-1994 to 2017 to March 2020, there was an increase in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (from 4.6% to 11.7%), but no change in prevalence of persistent undiagnosed diabetes (from 2.23% to 2.53%) or confirmed undiagnosed diabetes (from 1.10% to 1.23%). Consequently, the proportion of all undiagnosed diabetes cases declined from 32.8% to 17.8% (persistent undiagnosed diabetes) and from 19.3% to 9.5% (confirmed undiagnosed diabetes). Undiagnosed diabetes was more prevalent in older and obese adults, racial/ethnic minorities, and those without health care access. Among persons with diabetes, Asian Americans and those without health care access had the highest proportion of undiagnosed cases, with rates ranging from 23% to 61%.
conclusionsFrom 1988 to March 2020, the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes cases declined substantially, suggesting major improvements in diabetes screening and detection. Undiagnosed diabetes currently affects 1-2% of US adults; up to 90% of all cases are diagnosed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.