ArticleHarm reduction journal2022
"It wasn't here, and now it is. It's everywhere": fentanyl's rising presence in Oregon's drug supply.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Community supervision during Oregon's partial decriminalization Measure 110: Criminal legal system involvement, overdose, and naloxone access.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Observational trial of the preventive impact of a social risk factor focused program for co-occurring opioid and methamphetamine use disorders and suicide risk in parents: study protocol.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2026Article
- Fentanyl use among people who inject drugs in two large Pacific Northwest metropolitan areas.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Impact of lab-based drug checking services on syringe service program engagement in Maryland, USA.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of overdose from unintentional fentanyl use when intending to use stimulants: a qualitative study of people who use stimulants and avoid opioids.Research square · 2026Article
- Prevalence and correlates of multiple injections per injection episode among people who inject drugs in rural U.S. communities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- The emergence of fentanyl in a stimulant landscape: Un/intentional use, social relations, and developing communities of care.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Is fentanyl in everything? Examining the unexpected occurrence of illicit opioids in British Columbia's drug supply.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Drug Decriminalization, Fentanyl, and Fatal Overdoses in Oregon.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- How substance use preferences and practices relate to fentanyl exposure among people who use drugs in Rhode Island, USA.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Perceptions of prospective pharmaceutical stimulant substitution treatments among people who use illicit stimulants in Vancouver, Canada.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Prevalence of fentanyl in methamphetamine and cocaine samples collected by community-based drug checking services.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Attitudes and experiences with fentanyl contamination of methamphetamine: exploring self-reports and urine toxicology among persons who use methamphetamine and other drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Fatal and nonfatal opioid overdose risk following release from prison: A retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Escalating costs of self-injury mortality in the 21st century United States: an interstate observational study.BMC public health · 2023Observational
- Prevalence and drug use correlates of inadvertent fentanyl exposure among individuals misusing drugs in seven U.S. states.Journal of addictive diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIllicit fentanyl has contributed to a drastic increase in overdose drug deaths. While fentanyl has subsumed the drug supply in the Northeastern and Midwestern USA, it has more recently reached the Western USA. For this study, we explored perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUD) on the changing drug supply in Oregon, experiences of and response to fentanyl-involved overdose, and recommendations from PWUD to reduce overdose risk within the context of illicit fentanyl's dramatic increase in the recreational drug supply over the past decade.
methodsWe conducted in-depth interviews by phone with 34 PWUD in Oregon from May to June of 2021. We used thematic analysis to analyze transcripts and construct themes.
resultsPWUD knew about fentanyl, expressed concern about fentanyl pills, and were aware of other illicit drugs containing fentanyl. Participants were aware of the increased risk of an overdose but remained reluctant to engage with professional first responders due to fear of arrest. Participants had recommendations for reducing fentanyl overdose risk, including increasing access to information, harm reduction supplies (e.g., naloxone, fentanyl test strips), and medications for opioid use disorder; establishing drug checking services and overdose prevention sites; legalizing and regulating the drug supply; and reducing stigma enacted by healthcare providers.
conclusionPWUD in Oregon are aware of the rise of fentanyl and fentanyl pills and desire access to tools to reduce harm from fentanyl. As states in the Western USA face an inflection point of fentanyl in the drug supply, public health staff, behavioral health providers, and first responders can take action identified by the needs of PWUD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.