ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2022
Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Intervertebral Disc Cells.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Immunosenescence and Bone Homeostasis: From Mechanisms of Homeostasis Disruption to Therapeutic Opportunities in Age-Related Skeletal Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Mechanisms of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction in Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Study.Current medical science · 2026Article
- Supercritical carbon dioxide decellularization of porcine annulus fibrosus for regenerative medicine.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- TRPC6-Mediated CaCells · 2026Article
- Complex Mechanical Loading and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Influence of the Intervertebral Disc Microenvironment on Matrix Synthesis and Metabolism in Goat Nucleus Pulposus Cells.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Restoring immune homeostasis in the spinal microenvironment: targeting mechano-inflammation and immunometabolic reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identifying druggable gene-related biomarkers in intervertebral disc degeneration through transcriptome sequencing and mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Single-cell extracellular vesicle-program scoring maps immunometabolic rewiring and immune crosstalk of mesenchymal stromal cells in intervertebral disc degeneration, prioritizing AP2S1 and CSTB.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Environmental Micro-Nanoplastics and Musculoskeletal Disorders: Current Research and Insights.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Blood and lymphatic vascular remodeling in intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TAFA4 Mitigates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Modulating Macrophage Polarization and Inhibiting ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.Neurospine · 2026Article
- Rebuilding the degenerative disc microenvironment: mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, and bioengineered scaffolds.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Application of VIBE sequences for visualization and assessing cartilaginous endplate damage in low back pain patients.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- An Ex Vivo Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration for Assessing Retention of Injectable Cell-Based Grafts.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Photothermal-triggered NO-releasing nanofiber membrane mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration via inflammation inhibition and matrix stabilization.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Understanding the Physiological Behavior of Disc Cells in an In Vitro Imitation of the Healthy and Degenerated Disc Niche.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Biological Mechanisms of Pain Management in Lumbar Disk Herniation: Focus on Cytokine Correlations and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and biochemical changes in intervertebral discs (IVD) that prompt a pathologic shift from an anabolic to catabolic state, affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) production, enzyme generation, cytokine and chemokine production, neurotrophic and angiogenic factor production. The IVD is an immune-privileged organ. However, during degeneration immune cells and inflammatory factors can infiltrate through defects in the cartilage endplate and annulus fibrosus fissures, further accelerating the catabolic environment. Remarkably, though, catabolic ECM disruption also occurs in the absence of immune cell infiltration, largely due to native disc cell production of catabolic enzymes and cytokines. An unbalanced metabolism could be induced by many different factors, including a harsh microenvironment, biomechanical cues, genetics, and infection. The complex, multifactorial nature of IDD brings the challenge of identifying key factors which initiate the degenerative cascade, eventually leading to back pain. These factors are often investigated through methods including animal models, 3D cell culture, bioreactors, and computational models. However, the crosstalk between the IVD, immune system, and shifted metabolism is frequently misconstrued, often with the assumption that the presence of cytokines and chemokines is synonymous to inflammation or an immune response, which is not true for the intact disc. Therefore, this review will tackle immunomodulatory and IVD cell roles in IDD, clarifying the differences between cellular involvements and implications for therapeutic development and assessing models used to explore inflammatory or catabolic IVD environments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.