ArticleSleep2022
Proteomic biomarkers of Kleine-Levin syndrome.
Article in Sleep, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine Learning for Diagnosis and Differentiation of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: A Systematic Review.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- IL-34 in neurological homeostasis and its multifaceted roles in central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Present and Future of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- Systematic Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome, Hypersomnolence and Dysautonomia in Kleine-Levin Syndrome.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- PET Study of Microglial Activation in Kleine-Levin Syndrome.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Apparent resolution of hypersomnia episodes in two patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome following treatment with the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Ziconotide and psychosis: from a case report to a scoping review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sleep Disorder Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) Joins the List of Polygenic Brain Disorders Associated with Obstetric Complications.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- An Update on Kleine-Levin Syndrome.Current sleep medicine reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesKleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is characterized by relapsing-remitting episodes of hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, and behavioral disturbances. We quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum proteins in KLS cases and controls.
methodsSomaScan was used to profile 1133 CSF proteins in 30 KLS cases and 134 controls, while 1109 serum proteins were profiled in serum from 26 cases and 65 controls. CSF and serum proteins were both measured in seven cases. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to find differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Pathway and tissue enrichment analyses (TEAs) were performed on DEPs.
resultsUnivariate analyses found 28 and 141 proteins differentially expressed in CSF and serum, respectively (false discovery rate <0.1%). Upregulated CSF proteins included IL-34, IL-27, TGF-b, IGF-1, and osteonectin, while DKK4 and vWF were downregulated. Pathway analyses revealed microglial alterations and disrupted blood-brain barrier permeability. Serum profiles show upregulation of Src-family kinases (SFKs), proteins implicated in cellular growth, motility, and activation. TEA analysis of up- and downregulated proteins revealed changes in brain proteins (p < 6 × 10-5), notably from the pons, medulla, and midbrain. A multivariate machine-learning classifier performed robustly, achieving a receiver operating curve area under the curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78-1.0, p = 0.0006) in CSF and 1.0 (95% CI = 1.0-1.0, p = 0.0002) in serum in validation cohorts, with some commonality across tissues, as the model trained on serum sample also discriminated CSF samples of controls versus KLS cases.
conclusionsOur study identifies proteomic KLS biomarkers with diagnostic potential and provides insight into biological mechanisms that will guide future research in KLS.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.