ArticlePharmacological research2022
Combining L-Arginine with vitamin C improves long-COVID symptoms: The LINCOLN Survey.
Article in Pharmacological research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Long COVID: A Mixed Method Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Beneficial effects of L-Arginine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: New insights from a randomized clinical trial.Pharmacological research · 2023Trial
- Effects of l-Arginine Plus Vitamin C Supplementation on l-Arginine Metabolism in Adults with Long COVID: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Decreased oxidative stress and altered urinary oxylipidome by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid emulsion in a randomized controlled trial of older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19.Free radical biology & medicine · 2023Trial
- The effect of l-arginine supplementation on amelioration of oxygen support in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022Trial
- Trial
- The Role of L-Arginine and Liposomal Vitamin C Supplementation as an Adjunct in Seasonal Respiratory Viral Infection Recovery.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- REGENECYTE cord blood cell therapy in post-COVID syndrome: a phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Influence of lifestyle factors on susceptibility, disease course and recovery from post COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: A Unifying Mechanism in Long COVID and Spike Protein-Associated Injury: A Narrative Review.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Long COVID syndrome: exploring therapies for managing and overcoming persistent symptoms.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Interventions for Long COVID: A Narrative Review.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Scoping Review on Diet and Nutrition in Relation to Long COVID-19 Symptoms and Recovery.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association of homoarginine with arginine and disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Amino acids · 2025Article
- Persistent immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations following SARS-CoV-2 infection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Printable molecule-selective core-shell nanoparticles for wearable and implantable sensing.Nature materials · 2025Article
- Review
- Nitric Oxide Therapeutics: New Hopes for More Effective Tuberculosis Treatment Combine with Targeted and Controlled Nanotechnology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Combining L-arginine and vitamin C improves physical frailty in hypertensive elders.European journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRecent evidence suggests that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction play critical roles in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and Long-COVID. We hypothesized that a supplementation combining L-Arginine (to improve endothelial function) and Vitamin C (to reduce oxidation) could have favorable effects on Long-COVID symptoms.
methodsWe designed a survey (LINCOLN: L-Arginine and Vitamin C improves Long-COVID), assessing several symptoms that have been associated with Long-COVID to be administered nationwide to COVID-19 survivors; the survey also included effort perception, measured using the Borg scale. Patients receiving the survey were divided in two groups, with a 2:1 ratio: the first group included patients that received L-Arginine + Vitamin C, whereas the second group received a multivitamin combination (alternative treatment).
results1390 patients successfully completed the survey. Following a 30-day treatment in both groups, the survey revealed that patients in the L-Arginine + Vitamin C treatment arm had significantly lower scores compared to patients who had received the multivitamin combination. There were no other significant differences between the two groups. When examining effort perception, we observed a significantly lower value (p < 0.0001) in patients receiving L-Arginine + Vitamin C compared to the alternative-treatment arm.
conclusionsOur survey indicates that the supplementation with L-Arginine + Vitamin C has beneficial effects in Long-COVID, in terms of attenuating its typical symptoms and improving effort perception.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.