ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
The Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Mental Illness: A Retrospective Analysis of 31 Inpatients.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05705063 (Impact of A Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat, Ketogenic Diet on Obesity, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Psychiatric Symptoms on Patients With Bipolar Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of A Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat, Ketogenic Diet on Obesity, Metabolic Abnormalities, and Psychiatric Symptoms on Patients With Bipolar Disorder (BPD)
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The impact of ketogenic diet on the frequency of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A feasibility randomized pilot study.Epilepsia open · 2025Trial
- The ketogenic diet is not for everyone: contraindications, side effects, and drug interactions.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- State-Dependent 3D Enhancer Architecture Resolves a Shared Schizophrenia and Multiple Sclerosis Ketone and Lactate Sensing Logic Gate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Increased LDL-C reduction with ezetimibe in ketogenic diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- The significance of the ketolytic gene OXCT1 in metabolism, intracellular signaling and disease development.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Dementia Risk in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Self-Reported Health Outcomes in Metabolic Health YouTube Comments: Cross-Sectional Study and Rule-Based Natural Language Processing Framework Development and Validation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Observational
- Redox therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders: Molecular mechanisms and biomarker development.Science advances · 2026Review
- Clinical Impact of Ketogenic Diet.Nutrients · 2026Article
- A 6-week ketogenic diet in treatment-resistant depression: a prospective single-arm feasibility pilot trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A retrospective evaluation of an online group ketogenic metabolic therapy intervention on mental health outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Ketogenic therapy as a potential novel treatment approach for PTSD: an integrative review and proposed mechanistic model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Ketosis as a Treatment for Severe Mental Illness: A Critical Review of Preclinical and Clinical Data.Current treatment options in psychiatry · 2026Review
- International advocacy for ketogenic diet research in schizophrenia: insights from a public petition.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder: patient-level participation barriers and ketogenic metabolic therapy as a candidate adjunct.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Ketogenic metabolic therapy as a candidate adjunct for CBTp delivery in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing bipolar disorder through an integrative biological lens: synthesis, convergence, and emerging directions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic reprogramming of central and peripheral immune cells in mental disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hypomanic symptoms and first manic episode during ketogenic diet treatment in a patient taking venlafaxine: a case report with longitudinal glucose-ketone index and clinical monitoring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis: The robust evidence base supporting the therapeutic benefit of ketogenic diets in epilepsy and other neurological conditions suggests this same metabolic approach may also benefit psychiatric conditions. Study Design: In this retrospective analysis of clinical care, 31 adults with severe, persistent mental illness (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder) whose symptoms were poorly controlled despite intensive psychiatric management were admitted to a psychiatric hospital and placed on a ketogenic diet restricted to a maximum of 20 grams of carbohydrate per day as an adjunct to conventional inpatient care. The duration of the intervention ranged from 6 to 248 days. Study Results: Three patients were unable to adhere to the diet for >14 days and were excluded from the final analysis. Among included participants, means and standard deviations (SDs) improved for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores from 25.4 (6.3) to 7.7 (4.2), Conclusions: The administration of a ketogenic diet in this semi-controlled setting to patients with treatment-refractory mental illness was feasible, well-tolerated, and associated with significant and substantial improvements in depression and psychosis symptoms and multiple markers of metabolic health.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.