ArticleCardiovascular research2023
Long COVID and the cardiovascular system-elucidating causes and cellular mechanisms in order to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies: a joint Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Groups on Cellular Biology of the Heart and Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.
Article in Cardiovascular research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurocardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular diseases as risk factors of post-COVID syndrome: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- A deeper look at long-term effects of COVID-19 on myocardial function in survivors with no prior heart diseases: a GRADE approach systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- One-Year Risk of Myocarditis After COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutic Effects of Slow Deep Breathing on Cardiopulmonary Function, Physical Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Stress in Older Adult Patients with Long COVID in Phayao, Thailand.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2025Trial
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Beneficial Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Decreased Pulmonary Vascular and Airway Volumes of Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research progress on the association between viruses and cardiac diseases.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Three- and Nine-Month Follow-Up of Patients with COVID-19: Clinical, Functional, and Radiological Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impaired Treg Response and Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction in Children Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors in infectious myocarditis: pathogen-specific recognition, spatiotemporal dynamic regulation and clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Bridging Gaps in Long COVID Therapy: A Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Innate immune activation and mitochondrial ROS induce acute and persistent cardiac conduction system dysfunction after COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Review
- Bottlenecks in advancing and applying multiomic data integration-common data resources as rate-limiting drivers-the high-impact use case of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Review
- Combined Cardiac Arrhythmias Leading to Electrical Chaos Developed in the Convalescent Phase of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of Cytokines (or Activating Factors) on Arterial Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cardio-Pulmonary Features of Long COVID: From Molecular and Histopathological Characteristics to Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Post-COVID-19 condition: clinical phenotypes, pathophysiological mechanisms, pathology, and management strategies.The Journal of pathology · 2025Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Long COVID has become a world-wide, non-communicable epidemic, caused by long-lasting multiorgan symptoms that endure for weeks or months after SARS-CoV-2 infection has already subsided. This scientific document aims to provide insight into the possible causes and therapeutic options available for the cardiovascular manifestations of long COVID. In addition to chronic fatigue, which is a common symptom of long COVID, patients may present with chest pain, ECG abnormalities, postural orthostatic tachycardia, or newly developed supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. Imaging of the heart and vessels has provided evidence of chronic, post-infectious perimyocarditis with consequent left or right ventricular failure, arterial wall inflammation, or microthrombosis in certain patient populations. Better understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of long COVID will aid in the development of effective treatment strategies for its cardiovascular manifestations. A number of mechanisms have been proposed, including those involving direct effects on the myocardium, microthrombotic damage to vessels or endothelium, or persistent inflammation. Unfortunately, existing circulating biomarkers, coagulation, and inflammatory markers, are not highly predictive for either the presence or outcome of long COVID when measured 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are needed to understand underlying mechanisms, identify specific biomarkers, and guide future preventive strategies or treatments to address long COVID and its cardiovascular sequelae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.