Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35886124›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

Serum Cholesterol Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Death: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Eujene Jung, So Yeon Kong, Young Sun Ro, Hyun Ho Ryu, Sang Do Shin

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. International journal of molecular medicine · 2026
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  18. Effects of Gilbert syndrome on cardiovascular disease risk reduction: a systematic review.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2026
    Review
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45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Eujene JungDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-4079-4728
So Yeon KongLaerdal Medical, 4002 Stavanger, Norway.
Young Sun RoDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Hyun Ho RyuDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
Sang Do ShinDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNumerous studies have demonstrated that abnormal levels of cholesterol are associated with a high attributable risk for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there has been no comprehensive study to investigate the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

methodsA systematic literature search of key databases, including EMBASE and MEDLINE, was conducted and included all the published epidemiological studies that contained estimates of the hazard ratios (HR) of serum cholesterol of CVD mortality. Data extraction, eligibility, and assessment of the risk of bias were assessed by two reviewers independently. All published risk estimates were hazard ratios and analyzed by quantitative meta-analysis using a random-effects model and dose-response relationships of serum cholesterol with CVD mortality.

resultsA total of 14 independent reports, including 1,055,309 subjects and 9457 events, were analyzed. The pooled HR (95% CI) was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.19-1.36) for total cholesterol, 1.21 (95% CI, 1.09-1.35) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.50-0.72) for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). We observed a linear association between serum cholesterol (TC, HDL-C) levels and CVD mortality in this meta-analysis.

conclusionsSerum total cholesterol and LDL-C level is associated with increased CVD mortality, but HDL-C level is inversely associated with CVD mortality.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLHumansProspective StudiesRisk FactorsTriglyceridesCholesterolCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLTriglyceridescardiovascular deathcholesterolHDLLDL

Identifiers

PMID35886124
PMCPMC9316578

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.