ReviewPharmaceutics2022
Transport Mechanisms at the Blood-Brain Barrier and in Cellular Compartments of the Neurovascular Unit: Focus on CNS Delivery of Small Molecule Drugs.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Putative Modulation of OATP1A2 and P-gp Expression at the Blood-Brain Barrier by Nrf2-PXR: An Associative Hypothesis for Amyloid-β Transport in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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- Programming Brain Cell-Type-Selective Delivery In Vivo with Transporter-Guided Therapeutics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bridging Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapies.Cureus · 2026Review
- Emerging anti-inflammatory nanosystems targeted to the brain.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Review
- The Multifaceted Role of L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Structural Implications and Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A comprehensive insight of innovations and recent advancements in nanocarriers for nose-to-brain drug targeting.Designed monomers and polymers · 2025Review
- 3DFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The role of oxidative stress in blood-brain barrier disruption during ischemic stroke: Antioxidants in clinical trials.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- CNS Viral Infections-What to Consider for Improving Drug Treatment: A Plea for Using Mathematical Modeling Approaches.CNS drugs · 2024Review
- The Role of Immune Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Rare Marine Bioactive Compounds in Neurological Disorders and Diseases: Is the Blood-Brain Barrier an Obstacle or a Target?Marine drugs · 2023Review
- Towards Novel BiomimeticBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Advanced Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- New Strategies for Stroke Therapy: Nanoencapsulated Neuroglobin.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Blood-brain barrier transporters: a translational consideration for CNS delivery of neurotherapeutics.Expert opinion on drug deliveryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a primary origin of morbidity and mortality in the United States and around the world. Indeed, several research projects have attempted to discover new drugs or repurpose existing therapeutics to advance stroke pharmacotherapy. Many of these preclinical stroke studies have reported positive results for neuroprotective agents; however, only one compound (3K3A-activated protein C (3K3A-APC)) has advanced to Phase III clinical trial evaluation. One reason for these many failures is the lack of consideration of transport mechanisms at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU). These endogenous transport processes function as a "gateway" that is a primary determinant of efficacious brain concentrations for centrally acting drugs. Despite the knowledge that some neuroprotective agents (i.e., statins and memantine) are substrates for these endogenous BBB transporters, preclinical stroke studies have largely ignored the role of transporters in CNS drug disposition. Here, we review the current knowledge on specific BBB transporters that either limit drug uptake into the brain (i.e., ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters) or can be targeted for optimized drug delivery (i.e., solute carrier (SLC) transporters). Additionally, we highlight the current knowledge on transporter expression in astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and neurons with an emphasis on transport mechanisms in these cell types that can influence drug distribution within the brain.
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Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.