ArticleVaccines2022
The Associations between Cytokine Levels, Kidney and Heart Function Biomarkers, and Expression Levels of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 and Neuropilin-1 in COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Renin Angiotensin System: Insights into the Role of ACE2 in Glomerular Injury Including SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Potential relationships between circulating gene expression ofJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Review
- Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on patients with diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Substance P - a regulatory peptide with defense and repair functions. Results and perspectives for the fight against COVID-19.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The inflammatory spectrum of cardiomyopathies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Correlations between Cytokine Levels, Liver Function Markers, and Neuropilin-1 Expression in Patients with COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Correlations between Kidney and Heart Function Bioindicators and the Expressions of Toll-Like, ACE2, and NRP-1 Receptors in COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Article
- An update on the interaction between COVID-19, vaccines, and diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in addition to neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) can lead to a cytokine storm which is correlated to higher mortality rate and contributes to the progression of renal diseases and the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) in COVID-19 patients.
aimWe herein sought to examine correlations between cytokine levels, ACE-2 and NRP-1 expression, renal function biomarkers, and cardiac enzymes in COVID-19 patients. PATIENTS AND
methodsFor the study, 50 healthy subjects and 100 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Then, confirmed cases of COVID-19 were divided into two groups-those with moderate infection and those with severe infection-and compared to healthy controls. Serum creatinine, urea, CK-MB, LDH, troponin I, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and INF-γ levels were estimated. We also studied the gene expression for ACE-2 and NRP-1 in blood samples utilizing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
resultsAll COVID-19 patients demonstrated a significant increase in the levels of serum creatinine, urea, CK-MB, LDH, and troponin I, as well as examined cytokines compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, ACE-2 mRNA and NRP-1 mRNA expression levels demonstrated a significant increase in both severe and moderate COVID-19 patient groups. In the severe group, serum creatinine and urea levels were positively correlated with IL-10, INF-γ, NRP-1, and ACE-2 expression levels. Moreover, LDH was positively correlated with all the examined cytokine, NRP-1, and ACE-2 expression levels.
conclusionDeficits in renal and cardiac functions might be attributable to cytokine storm resulting from the higher expression of ACE-2 and NRP-1 in cases of COVID-19.
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