ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Digitoxin Affects Metabolism, ROS Production and Proliferation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Differently Depending on the Cell Phenotype.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digitoxin inhibits the growth of HSC-3 cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Repurposing acetyldigitoxin as a potential EZH2 inhibitor for non-small cell lung cancer: a computational and experimental approach.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Pathophysiological Roles of Two Intracellular P-Type ATPases: The Cancer-Associated NaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Exosomal SOX21-AS1 Regulates EREG by Sponging miR-451a and Promotes the Malignancy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- The mechanistic role of cardiac glycosides in DNA damage response and repair signaling.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Review
- Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Leaves Extract ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- NaMedicine internationalArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Digitoxin has repeatedly shown to have negative effects on cancer cell viability; however, the actual mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of digitoxin (1-100 nM) in four pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, Panc-1, and AsPC-1. The cell lines differ in their KRAS/BRAF mutational status and primary tumor or metastasis origin. We could detect differences in the basal rates of cell proliferation, glycolysis, and ROS production, giving the cell lines different phenotypes. Digitoxin treatment induced apoptosis in all four cell lines, but to different degrees. Cells derived from primary tumors (Panc-1 and BxPC-3) were highly proliferating with a high proportion of cells in the S/G2 phase, and were more sensitive to digitoxin treatment than the cell lines derived from metastases (CFPAC-1 and AsPC-1), with a high proportion of cells in G0/G1. In addition, the effects of digitoxin on the rate of glycolysis, ROS production, and proliferation were dependent on the basal metabolism and origin of the cells. The KRAS downstream signaling pathways were not altered by digitoxin treatment, thus the effects exerted by digitoxin were probably disconnected from these signaling pathways. We conclude that digitoxin is a promising treatment in highly proliferating pancreatic tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.