ArticlemBio2022
A Bacteriophage-Based, Highly Efficacious, Needle- and Adjuvant-Free, Mucosal COVID-19 Vaccine.
Article in mBio, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting CDK4/6 in Combination with Phage-Based Anti-HER2 Vaccination Overcomes Immune Evasion and Enhances the Anticancer Response in Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Phage enabled precision drug delivery: dual function platforms for therapeutics and genetic cargo transport.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophages as vaccine platforms: Opportunities and challenges in translation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- A Modular Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform Enables Rapid Design of Dual COVID-19-Flu Mucosal Vaccines.Small science · 2025Article
- Computational epitope profiling and AI-driven protein engineering enable rational design of multi-epitope vaccines againstComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Bacteriophage as a potential biotherapeutics to combat present-day crisis of multi-drug resistant pathogens.Heliyon · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Phage Therapy and Phage-Based Drug Development.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Bacteriophage T4 as a Protein-Based, Adjuvant- and Needle-Free, Mucosal Pandemic Vaccine Design Platform.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- A comprehensive review of oral microenvironment changes and orofacial adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination: The good, the bad, and the ugly.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Design of bacteriophage T4-based artificial viral vectors for human genome remodeling.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Recombinant RBD-Based Phage Vaccine Report: A Solution to the Prevention of New Diseases?Vaccines · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Article
- Is it time to switch to a formulation other than the live attenuated poliovirus vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis?Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Do we need nasal vaccines against COVID 19 to suppress the transmission of infections?Microbial biotechnology · 2023Article
- Review
- Understanding Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Interaction with Host Surface Receptor: The Key "Blueprint" for Reprogramming Phage Host Range.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration-authorized mRNA- and adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are intramuscularly injected in two doses and effective in preventing COVID-19, but they do not induce efficient mucosal immunity or prevent viral transmission. Here, we report the first noninfectious, bacteriophage T4-based, multicomponent, needle- and adjuvant-free, mucosal vaccine harboring engineered Spike trimers on capsid exterior and nucleocapsid protein in the interior. Intranasal administration of two doses of this T4 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 21 days apart induced robust mucosal immunity, in addition to strong systemic humoral and cellular immune responses. The intranasal vaccine induced broad virus neutralization antibody titers against multiple variants, Th1-biased cytokine responses, strong CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.