ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2023
Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the independent and combined effects of genomic and exposomic risks for schizophrenia on distressing psychotic experiences: insights from the ABCD study.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Environmental Adversity Is Associated With Attenuated Positive Symptoms and Complex Cognition in a Long-term Follow-up of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Global research trends on the human exposome: a bibliometric analysis (2005-2024).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population.
methodsParticipants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models.
resultsFor PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18-65 years; 55.7-56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with - 0.10 of mental health and - 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with - 0.21 and - 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p < .0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with - 0.19 of physical health among female and - 0.11 among male individuals.
conclusionThere were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.
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