ArticleEvolution; international journal of organic evolution2022
Luck, lottery, or legacy? The problem of confounding. A reply to Harden.
Article in Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Confounding fuels misinterpretation in human genetics.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Confounding Fuels Misinterpretation in Human Genetics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Polygenic Indices (a.k.a. Polygenic Scores) in Social Science: A Guide for Interpretation and Evaluation.Sociological methodology · 2024Article
- Interpreting population- and family-based genome-wide association studies in the presence of confounding.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- All that glisters is not gold: Genetics and social science.The Behavioral and brain sciences · 2023Article
- Polygenic scores for social science: Clarification, consensus, and controversy.The Behavioral and brain sciences · 2023Article
- Interpreting population and family-based genome-wide association studies in the presence of confounding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Challenging the utility of polygenic scores for social science: Environmental confounding, downward causation, and unknown biology.The Behavioral and brain sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A reply to Harden's response to Coop and Przeworski (2022).
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.