ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2022
Systemic inflammatory markers of persistent cerebral edema after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical therapies.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- CSF-Exosomal miRNAs and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: Insights into Pathophysiology but No Definitive Biomarkers.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Impact of Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Persistent Global Cerebral Edema After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Age-Stratified Analysis.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia in the aftermath of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- The relation between inflammatory biomarkers and drug pharmacokinetics in the critically ill patients: a scoping review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Article
- The association between hemoglobin concentration and clinical outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Insights from the LongTEAM registry.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The Role of Early Serum Biomarkers and Clinical Rating Scales in the Prediction of Delayed Cerebral Ischaemia and Short-Term Outcome after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Single Centre Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Lower Serum Iron Level Predicts Postoperative Global Cerebral Edema Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Immunological Profile of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Pooled Analysis of Preoperative Inflammatory Biomarkers to Predict 90-Day Outcomes in Patients with an Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Diagnosis potential of subarachnoid hemorrhage using miRNA signatures isolated from plasma-derived extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCerebral edema (CE) at admission is a surrogate marker of 'early brain injury' (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Only recently has the focus on the changes in CE after SAH such as delayed resolution or newly developed CE been examined. Among several factors, an early systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be associated with CE. We investigate inflammatory markers in subjects with early CE which does not resolve, i.e., persistent CE after SAH.
methodsComputed tomography scans of SAH patients were graded at admission and at 7 days after SAH for CE using the 0-4 'subarachnoid hemorrhage early brain edema score' (SEBES). SEBES ≤ 2 and SEBES ≥ 3 were considered good and poor grade, respectively. Serum samples from the same subject cohort were collected at 4 time periods (at < 24 h [T1], at 24 to 48 h [T2]. 3-5 days [T3] and 6-8 days [T4] post-admission) and concentration levels of 17 cytokines (implicated in peripheral inflammatory processes) were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were step-wisely performed to identify cytokines independently associated with persistent CE adjusting for covariables including age, sex and past medical history (model 1), and additional inclusion of clinical and radiographic severity of SAH and treatment modality (model 2).
resultsOf the 135 patients enrolled in the study, 21 of 135 subjects (15.6%) showed a persistently poor SEBES grade. In multivariate model 1, higher Eotaxin (at T1 and T4), sCD40L (at T4), IL-6 (at T1 and T3) and TNF-α (at T4) were independently associated with persistent CE. In multivariate model 2, Eotaxin (at T4: odds ratio [OR] = 1.019, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-1.035) and possibly PDGF-AA (at T4), sCD40L (at T4), and TNF-α (at T4) was associated with persistent CE.
conclusionsWe identified serum cytokines at different time points that were independently associated with persistent CE. Specifically, persistent elevations of Eotaxin is associated with persistent CE after SAH.
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